G3357
Unveiling the Word
In the context of Biblical studies, understanding key Greek words can profoundly influence how we interpret the text. The Greek adverb μετρίως (metrios), first appearing in Acts 20:12, offers significant insight into the concept of moderation, balance, and restraint. Its usage speaks to the value placed on temperance, both in ancient Greek culture and within the New Testament. By exploring this word, we can deepen our understanding of how early Christians viewed emotional and behavioral balance, reflecting a broader cultural ideal that emphasized self-control and moderation in all aspects of life.
Necessary Information
Greek Word: μετρίως (metrios, pronounced meh-TREE-ohs)
Etymology: The root word of μετρίως is μέτριος (metrios), which means “moderate” or “within measure.” This, in turn, comes from the root μέτρον (metron), meaning “measure.” The word conveys the idea of something done with balance, within reasonable limits, or appropriately.
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Part of Speech: Adverb. As an adverb, μετρίως describes how an action is performed, indicating that it is done moderately or within a proper measure. In Acts 20:12, it modifies a verb, showing the nature of the response or situation as being balanced or restrained.
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Defining Meanings
Meaning 1: Moderately or within measure. The primary meaning of μετρίως emphasizes the idea of doing something in moderation, without excess or deficiency. It is closely related to temperance and self-control, values that were highly esteemed in both the Greek philosophical tradition and early Christian ethics.
Meaning 2: Suitably or appropriately. In some contexts, μετρίως can also mean something is done in a manner that is fitting or appropriate to the situation. This broader interpretation highlights the flexibility of the term in describing actions that are measured and balanced according to circumstances.
Exploring Similar Words
ἄγαν (agan, pronounced AH-gan): This word means “too much” or “excessively.” It contrasts with μετρίως, which implies moderation. ἄγαν refers to actions taken to an extreme, either in excess or deficiency.
ἐγκράτεια (enkrateia, pronounced en-KRAH-tee-ah): Meaning “self-control” or “temperance,” ἐγκράτεια shares a thematic connection with μετρίως, as both relate to restraint and balance. However, ἐγκράτεια specifically refers to self-discipline in moral or ethical matters, whereas μετρίως refers more broadly to moderation in behavior.
Reviewing the Word’s Morphology
As an adverb, μετρίως does not have cases, gender, or number, which are typically associated with nouns and adjectives. Instead, it modifies verbs and provides a description of how an action is carried out—moderately or within appropriate limits. In the context of Acts 20:12, it suggests a measured or calm response to the situation being described.
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Studying Lexicon Insights
The lexicons generally agree that μετρίως denotes moderation and balance. In the New Testament, this word is used sparingly, but its presence is meaningful in the context of how early Christians were expected to act in a way that reflected temperance and self-restraint. The word connects to a broader Hellenistic cultural value of balance and moderation, seen not only in Christian writings but also in classical Greek philosophy, such as the works of Aristotle, who valued the “golden mean” — a balance between extremes.
This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.
Tracing Related Scriptures
Acts 20:12: “And they brought the young man alive, and they were not a little comforted [μετρίως].” This verse shows how the disciples responded with measured comfort after the young man was revived, indicating a balance between joy and relief, not overwhelming emotion.
Analyzing Classical Usage
| Author | Name of Work | English Text with Greek Word |
|---|---|---|
| Aristotle | Nicomachean Ethics | “Virtue lies in acting moderately [μετρίως], finding the balance between excess and deficiency.” |
| Philo | On the Virtues | “A wise person lives moderately [μετρίως], neither indulging too much nor too little.” |
| Plato | Republic | “The just man acts moderately [μετρίως], never in excess.” |
Noteworthy Summary
The Greek adverb μετρίως carries the significant concept of moderation and balance in both behavior and emotions. Its first appearance in Acts 20:12 reveals a moment where the disciples respond with balanced emotion to the revival of a young man, highlighting the importance of measured reactions in Christian conduct. The term reflects the broader cultural ideal of temperance in Greek philosophy, where moderation was seen as a virtue. Understanding μετρίως enriches the biblical text and shows how early Christians were encouraged to live lives marked by balance and appropriateness.
Did You Know?
- Μετρίως is related to the Greek word μέτρον (measure), which forms the basis for the English word “meter,” referring to measurement or standard.
- Aristotle’s concept of the “golden mean,” which values moderation, is closely connected to the use of μετρίως in both classical and biblical literature.
- Although used infrequently in the New Testament, μετρίως encapsulates a vital Christian virtue of moderation, aligning with broader Hellenistic ideals.
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