G3102

Unveiling the Word

In Biblical studies, understanding the significance of Greek words can greatly enhance one’s interpretation of the New Testament. The word μαθήτρια (mathētria) is particularly interesting because it is the feminine form of μαθητής (mathētēs), meaning “disciple.” It emphasizes the inclusive nature of discipleship in the early Christian movement, showing that women were also devoted followers of Jesus. The term first appears in Acts 9:36 and is used to describe a female disciple named Tabitha (Dorcas), highlighting her role in the early church community. This word provides valuable insight into the cultural and theological landscape of the New Testament.

Necessary Information

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Greek Word: μαθήτρια (mathētria) [mah-THAY-tree-ah]
Etymology: The root word is μανθάνω (manthanō), meaning “to learn” or “to be taught,” with the feminine suffix -τρια indicating a female learner or disciple.
Part of Speech: Noun (feminine). This noun indicates the gender-specific role of a female disciple, used particularly in contexts where women were recognized for their devotion and learning in the early Christian movement.
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Defining Meanings

1. Female Disciple: The primary meaning of μαθήτρια is a female disciple, someone who follows and learns from a teacher. In Acts 9:36, it specifically refers to Tabitha, a devoted follower of Jesus in Joppa.
2. Learner or Pupil (Female): While μαθητής generally refers to a learner or pupil, μαθήτρια makes clear that the individual in question is a woman, which was significant in the early Christian context where women played important roles in the community.

Exploring Similar Words

1. μαθητής (mathētēs) [mah-thay-TAYS]: This is the masculine form of the word “disciple” or “learner.” The two words are equivalent in meaning, with μαθήτρια simply being the female version of μαθητής.
2. μαθητευώ (mathēteuō) [mah-thay-teh-OO-oh]: This verb means “to disciple” or “to teach.” It is closely related to μαθήτρια, as it reflects the action of teaching or guiding someone in learning.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

As a noun, μαθήτρια follows the first declension pattern typical of feminine nouns in Greek. Here is a breakdown of its morphology:

For a deeper understanding of Greek grammar, Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Studying Lexicon Insights

From various lexicons, we learn that μαθήτρια refers to a female disciple or follower of Jesus. BDAG points out that this word appears in contexts where women are acknowledged for their significant roles in the early Christian movement. Thayer’s lexicon highlights that the term implies an active participation in learning, indicating a personal commitment to the teachings of Jesus. In Acts 9:36, it describes Tabitha, a woman known for her good works and charity, who was highly regarded in her community. This feminine form of μαθητής reflects the importance of women in the spread of Christianity and emphasizes the inclusivity of discipleship.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

1. Acts 9:36: “Now there was in Joppa a disciple (μαθήτρια) named Tabitha, which, when translated, means Dorcas. She was full of good works and acts of charity.”

This verse is the only occurrence of μαθήτρια in the New Testament, but it carries significant weight as it highlights the role of women in the early church, particularly in the context of charitable works and community leadership.

Analyzing Classical Usage

In classical Greek literature, the term μαθήτρια was rare, as most philosophical schools were dominated by male students. However, women were not entirely excluded from educational environments. Here are some examples of the term in ancient writings:

Noteworthy Summary

The word μαθήτρια (mathētria) is of particular importance in understanding the inclusivity of discipleship in the early Christian church. It specifically refers to a female disciple, indicating that women, such as Tabitha in Acts 9:36, were active and vital participants in the spread of Christianity. The word highlights the dedication to learning and following Jesus, emphasizing that women were integral to the life of the early church, particularly in service and charity.

Did You Know?

1. μαθήτρια is only used once in the entire New Testament, but its presence points to the important roles women played in early Christian communities.
2. Tabitha, the disciple referred to as a μαθήτρια in Acts 9:36, was known for her acts of charity, which led to her being greatly mourned and later raised from the dead by Peter.
3. The masculine form, μαθητής, is used extensively throughout the New Testament, appearing more than 260 times to describe the followers of Jesus.