Unveiling the Word

Understanding Greek words in Biblical studies is crucial for unlocking the layers of meaning behind Scripture passages. The Greek word λεπτόν (lepton) is particularly significant as it refers to the smallest denomination of currency in the ancient Roman world, which is why it is often translated as “mite” in English. The word appears in Mark 12:42, where a poor widow offers two λεπτά (plural of λεπτόν) at the temple, emphasizing her generosity despite her poverty. Studying this term offers insight into the socio-economic conditions of the New Testament era, the value systems of the early Christian community, and the cultural dynamics of giving and sacrifice.

Necessary Information

Greek Word: λεπτόν (lepton) [pronounced lep-TON].

Etymology: The word λεπτόν comes from the root λεπτός (leptos), which means “small” or “thin.” This etymology reflects the small physical size and minimal monetary value of a λεπτόν coin, aligning with its usage to describe something insignificant or minimal in the physical sense.

Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter. λεπτόν is a second declension noun in Greek. As a neuter noun, it takes specific endings based on its case and number (singular or plural). It is typically used in the nominative and accusative cases in the New Testament when discussing its monetary value.

The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Defining Meanings

1. Mite (Small Coin): The primary meaning of λεπτόν is “mite,” referring to a small, thin coin of little value in the Roman monetary system. This is the context in which it appears in Mark 12:42, highlighting the widow’s small but significant offering.
2. Thin or Small Thing: By extension, λεπτόν can also refer more generally to anything thin or small, though its New Testament usage is strictly as a coin.

Exploring Similar Words

1. δηνάριον (denarion) [pronounced deh-NAH-ree-on]: This word refers to a Roman silver coin that was worth significantly more than a λεπτόν. While a λεπτόν was the smallest coin, a δηνάριον was a day’s wage for a laborer, illustrating a substantial difference in value.
2. κοδράντης (kodrantes) [pronounced ko-DRAN-tes]: Also known as a “farthing,” this term denotes a Roman coin worth two λεπτα. It provides a sense of how λεπτόν fits within the broader Roman currency system.
3. χαλκός (chalkos) [pronounced khal-KOS]: This word means “copper” or “bronze,” referring to the metal from which small coins like the λεπτόν were made. It emphasizes the material aspect rather than the denomination.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

λεπτόν is a neuter noun that follows the second declension pattern. Here is its declension in the singular and plural forms:

For more on Greek declensions, Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Studying Lexicon Insights

The word λεπτόν is highlighted in several Greek lexicons for its contextual use in describing the smallest Roman coin. Lexical sources emphasize that it signifies something minimal yet sufficient to illustrate profound spiritual truths about giving and sacrifice in early Christian teachings. It also serves as a lens to understand socio-economic disparities in the New Testament period, where even the smallest monetary contributions were valued by God when given with a sincere heart.
This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

1. Mark 12:42 – “A poor widow came and put in two small copper coins [λεπτά], which amount to a cent.”
2. Luke 21:2 – “And He saw a poor widow putting in two small copper coins [λεπτά].”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Noteworthy Summary

The word λεπτόν provides a fascinating glimpse into the economic and spiritual life of the New Testament era. As the smallest Roman coin, it symbolizes humility, sacrifice, and the profound lessons of giving that Jesus taught. The story of the widow’s mite, as captured in the Gospels, uses λεπτόν to underscore the value of giving from one’s poverty rather than abundance, presenting a compelling narrative of faith and devotion.

Did You Know?

• Fact 1: The λεπτόν is considered the smallest and least valuable coin in the Roman Empire, highlighting the widow’s sacrifice as immense in spiritual terms.
• Fact 2: The λεπτόν was made of copper and weighed about 1.7 grams, emphasizing its thin and small nature.
• Fact 3: The widow’s offering of two λεπτά in the temple has become a symbol of giving all one has, regardless of the amount, making it a powerful teaching moment in Christian stewardship.