Unveiling the Word

Understanding Greek words in Biblical studies is essential for grasping the depth and nuances of the New Testament. The Greek word λέγω (legō) is a fundamental term in the New Testament, appearing numerous times in various contexts. It carries significant weight in both spoken and written forms, often translating to “to say,” “to speak,” or “to tell.” Its frequent use in the New Testament highlights its importance in conveying messages, teachings, and dialogues. Additionally, understanding this word helps in appreciating the broader cultural and linguistic aspects of ancient Greek society and its impact on early Christian thought.

Necessary Information

Greek Word: λέγω (legō) [LEH-goh].

Etymology: The root of λέγω is traced back to the Proto-Indo-European root leg- which means “to gather” or “to collect.” This etymology highlights the word’s original sense of collecting thoughts or words before speaking them.

Part of Speech: Verb. λέγω is a common verb in Greek, and it follows irregular conjugation patterns. It appears in various tenses, voices, and moods throughout the New Testament, which demonstrates its versatility in expressing different types of speech acts. The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Defining Meanings

1. To Speak or Say: The most common meaning of λέγω is “to say” or “to speak.” It is used in direct speech and dialogue, especially in narrative passages where characters communicate.
2. To Tell or Declare: λέγω can also mean “to tell” or “to declare,” particularly in contexts where a proclamation or announcement is being made. This usage is often found in more formal or authoritative contexts.
3. To Call or Name: In some instances, λέγω is used in the sense of “to call” or “to name,” especially when referring to designations or titles.

Exploring Similar Words

1. λαλέω (laleō) [lah-LEH-oh]: Means “to speak” or “to talk.” Unlike λέγω, which often conveys a more formal or declarative sense, λαλέω is used for more conversational or less structured speech.
2. φημί (phēmi) [FAY-mee]: Translates to “to say” or “to assert.” φημί often implies a more authoritative statement or affirmation compared to λέγω.
3. ἀποκρίνομαι (apokrinomai) [ah-poh-KREE-noh-my]: Means “to answer” or “to reply.” While λέγω can be used in dialogues, ἀποκρίνομαι specifically denotes a response to a question or statement.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Tense, Voice, Mood: λέγω is an irregular verb that appears in several tenses (present, aorist, perfect), voices (active, middle, passive), and moods (indicative, subjunctive, imperative, etc.).

Person and Number: λέγω can be conjugated across all persons (1st, 2nd, 3rd) and numbers (singular, plural). Below is a conjugation table for the Present Indicative Active form:

Aspect: Greek verbs are categorized by aspect—imperfective (ongoing action), perfective (completed action), and stative (state of being). λέγω can be seen in all three aspects depending on the context.

Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Studying Lexicon Insights

The term λέγω is well-documented across Greek lexicons as one of the most versatile verbs in the New Testament. Its core meanings of “to say,” “to speak,” or “to tell” are complemented by more specific usages, such as “to declare” or “to call.” Lexicons also emphasize its usage in different contexts, from everyday speech to formal declarations. Theologically, λέγω is crucial in expressing divine commands, prophecies, and teachings, showing its depth beyond mere speech. This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

• Matthew 1:16: “And Jacob begat Joseph the husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus, who is called Christ.” (In Greek: “λέγεται Χριστός” meaning “is called [λεγόμενος] Christ.”)
• John 8:12: “Then Jesus again spoke to them, saying [λέγων], ‘I am the Light of the world.'”
• Mark 9:31: “For He was teaching His disciples and telling [ἔλεγεν] them…”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Noteworthy Summary

λέγω (legō) is a foundational Greek verb in the New Testament, essential for understanding biblical narratives, teachings, and proclamations. Its varied uses range from simple speech to profound theological statements. Studying this word deepens one’s appreciation of the subtleties of New Testament language and the cultural context of the early Christian world.

Did You Know?

• Fact 1: λέγω is the second most frequently occurring verb in the New Testament, appearing over 1,300 times.
• Fact 2: The word can also imply thought processes—like “considering” or “reckoning”—depending on the context.
• Fact 3: In classical Greek, λέγω could also mean “to choose” or “to pick out,” reflecting its etymological roots.