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Unveiling the Word

Understanding the Greek word κόμη (komē) is essential for interpreting various New Testament passages, particularly those related to cultural norms and gender roles in early Christian communities. This word appears first in 1 Corinthians 11:15, where the Apostle Paul discusses the propriety of hair length for men and women. The term refers to “hair” and, more specifically, “long hair” or “locks.” Its usage provides insight into societal expectations, religious practices, and theological discussions within the early church and the broader Greco-Roman world.

Necessary Information

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Greek Word: κόμη, transliterated as komē [KO-mee].

Etymology: The term κόμη (komē) is derived from ancient Greek, where it specifically denotes “long hair” or “tresses.” It does not appear to have a compound root, but it relates to cultural expressions of beauty, gender, and social status.

Part of Speech: Noun, feminine. As a noun, komē is used to describe a physical characteristic—long hair. It appears in various grammatical cases depending on its function in a sentence, conforming to the rules of Greek declension for feminine nouns.

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Defining Meanings

1. Long Hair or Tresses: The primary meaning of κόμη is “long hair” or “tresses.” It is often used to describe the hair of women, which, in ancient Greek and Roman contexts, was considered a symbol of femininity, beauty, and honor.
2. Hair as a Symbol of Honor or Dishonor: In certain contexts, like in 1 Corinthians 11:15, long hair (κόμη) is not only a physical trait but also serves as a cultural and theological symbol. For women, long hair is described as a “glory,” while for men, long hair could be considered dishonorable, depending on the cultural norms of the time.

Exploring Similar Words

1. Κόμα (koma) [KO-ma]: While not identical, this word refers to “deep sleep” or “coma.” It differs significantly from komē but is similar in spelling, which can sometimes cause confusion in transliteration or translation.
2. Θρίξ (thrix) [thriks]: This term specifically refers to a “strand of hair” or “hair” in general, without the emphasis on length that komē implies. It is a more general term used to describe hair on the head or body.
3. Κόσμος (kosmos) [KOS-mos]: Though primarily meaning “world” or “order,” kosmos is occasionally used to describe adornments or the arrangement of hair, providing a different dimension to how hair is understood in a social and aesthetic context.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Case, Number, Gender: As a feminine noun, komē follows the first declension pattern in Greek. It is used in various cases depending on the grammatical structure of the sentence.

Declension:

The noun follows the typical endings for first declension, feminine nouns.

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Studying Lexicon Insights

The word κόμη (komē) is rich in cultural and theological significance. In 1 Corinthians 11:15, it is used by Paul to emphasize the natural distinctions between men and women. Ancient Greek culture held specific views on hair, with long hair on women seen as a mark of beauty and propriety, while for men, long hair could be a sign of vanity or rebellion. This word’s interpretation extends beyond mere physical description to embody values and norms regarding modesty, honor, and gender roles in early Christian teaching. Lexicon insights show that κόμη is also discussed in classical literature, where it often symbolizes beauty, nobility, or divine favor. This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

1. 1 Corinthians 11:15: “But if a woman has long hair [komē], it is a glory to her; for her hair is given to her for a covering.”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Noteworthy Summary

The word κόμη (komē) serves as an important cultural marker in biblical texts, linking physical characteristics to deeper theological and social meanings. Its use in 1 Corinthians 11:15 highlights discussions around gender roles, honor, and religious practice in early Christian communities. Understanding this term enhances comprehension of how ancient societies viewed identity, appearance, and propriety.

Did You Know?

1. In ancient Greek and Roman cultures, hair length could signify social status, religious piety, or rebellion against societal norms.
2. In some philosophical schools, like the Cynics, cutting or growing long hair was an act of protest against social conventions.
3. The Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) also references long hair (κόμη) as a symbol of beauty and strength, especially in poetic texts like the Song of Solomon.