G2827

Unveiling the Word

Understanding Greek words is essential for delving deeper into Biblical studies, and κλίνω (klinō) is no exception. This verb is particularly significant because it appears in various contexts that describe physical actions, metaphorical expressions, and emotional states. In New Testament interpretation, κλίνω is often used to describe the act of bending or inclining, both literally and figuratively. Its usage spans from describing the natural movements of the body to more abstract concepts like bending one’s will or inclining towards a particular direction. In ancient Greek culture, the word carried connotations of rest, decline, and decision-making, reflecting both physical posture and mental disposition.

Necessary Information

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Greek Word: κλίνω, transliterated as klinō [KLEE-noh].

Etymology: The word κλίνω originates from the Proto-Indo-European root kley- meaning “to lean” or “to incline.” This root has evolved in many languages, contributing to words associated with bending or inclining.

Part of Speech: Verb. As a verb, κλίνω is used to express actions or states. It follows standard Greek verb conjugation patterns, particularly for verbs of motion or change in position. Its forms change based on tense, voice, and mood.

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Defining Meanings

1. To Lean or Bend: The primary meaning of κλίνω is “to lean” or “to bend.” This can be used in a literal sense, such as leaning one’s head or body.
2. To Incline or Turn: Another meaning is “to incline” or “to turn” towards something. This can refer to a directional change or a shift in attitude or focus.
3. To Decline or Set (of the Sun): In a more metaphorical sense, κλίνω can mean “to decline” or “to set,” often used to describe the setting of the sun, as in the day drawing to a close.

Exploring Similar Words

1. Κλίμα (klíma) [KLEE-mah]: Refers to a “region” or “zone” in ancient geography. While it shares the same root, it has a distinct meaning related to the inclination of the earth and its effects on climate.
2. Κλινίζω (klinízō) [klee-NEE-zoh]: Means “to cause to lean” or “to incline,” often used in a causative sense. It differs from κλίνω in that it emphasizes causing something else to bend or lean.
3. Κλίβανος (klíbanos) [KLEE-bah-nos]: While not directly related in meaning, this word refers to an “oven” or “furnace.” The shared root reflects the idea of inclining or bending but takes on a different conceptual path in the context of heat and cooking.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Tense, Voice, Mood:
κλίνω is a verb that can appear in several tenses, voices, and moods. Some examples include:

• Present Active Indicative: κλίνω (I lean/bend)
• Aorist Active Indicative: ἔκλινα (I leaned/bent)
• Perfect Active Indicative: κεκλίνα (I have leaned/bent)

Person and Number:

Aspect: The aspectual nuances of κλίνω are important in understanding its use. In the aorist tense, it captures a simple, completed action (e.g., “leaned”), while the perfect tense emphasizes a completed action with ongoing relevance (e.g., “has leaned”).

For more insights into Greek verb conjugation, Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Studying Lexicon Insights

The word κλίνω, with its rich semantic range, appears in both literal and metaphorical contexts throughout Greek literature. In the New Testament, it often signifies physical movement (e.g., bowing one’s head) or metaphorical actions like inclining one’s heart or mind. In classical Greek texts, it similarly covers actions of bending, inclining, or turning. It is used metaphorically to indicate a turning away or decline, often in moral or emotional contexts. The word’s theological implications in the New Testament include the humility of Christ and His followers and the transient nature of earthly life. This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

1. Matthew 8:20: “And Jesus saith unto him, The foxes have holes, and the birds of the air have nests; but the Son of man hath not where to lay [κλίνῃ] his head.”
2. Luke 9:12: “And when the day began to wear away [ἐκλίνον], then came the twelve, and said unto him, Send the multitude away, that they may go into the towns and country round about, and lodge, and get victuals: for we are here in a desert place.”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Noteworthy Summary

κλίνω is a versatile Greek verb that spans both literal and metaphorical meanings, from physically bending or inclining to more abstract notions of declining or setting. Its appearances in the New Testament emphasize themes of humility, rest, and the limitations of human existence. Its use in classical literature further enriches our understanding of its varied applications, offering both physical and metaphorical insights into ancient Greek culture.

Did You Know?

1. κλίνω is often used in the context of Jesus’ ministry to describe His lack of a place to “lay his head,” highlighting His humility and transient lifestyle.
2. The metaphorical use of κλίνω to describe the setting sun or the end of a day underscores the transient nature of time in Greek thought.
3. In ancient Greek literature, κλίνω is frequently used in poetic descriptions, illustrating both physical actions and emotional states, showing its rich and varied use in the language.