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Unveiling the Word

Understanding the Greek word κλητός (klētos) is essential in biblical studies due to its theological significance and its frequent use in the New Testament to describe those who are “called.” The term is particularly significant in understanding the concept of divine calling, especially in the context of God’s invitation to salvation and service. In ancient Greek culture, κλητός also had broad applications, from legal contexts to philosophical discourses, which helps us appreciate its nuanced meanings in New Testament writings.

Necessary Information

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Greek Word: κλητός, transliterated as klētos [klay-TOS].

Etymology: The word κλητός comes from the Greek verb καλέω (kaleō), which means “to call” or “to invite.” The adjective form κλητός specifically means “called” or “invited.” It denotes the state of being summoned or chosen, particularly by God in a spiritual context.

Part of Speech: Adjective. As an adjective, κλητός is used to describe someone who is called or invited. It follows the second declension pattern for masculine and feminine forms and the first declension for neuter forms.

The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Defining Meanings

1. Called or Invited: The primary meaning of κλητός is “called” or “invited.” This usage is seen throughout the New Testament, particularly in parables and teachings of Jesus where it describes those who are invited to participate in the Kingdom of God.
2. Chosen by God: In a more specialized theological context, κλητός refers to those who have been chosen by God for a specific purpose, such as the calling to salvation or to serve as apostles.
3. Designated or Appointed: The word can also imply someone appointed or designated for a particular task or role, emphasizing a sense of purpose and mission.

Exploring Similar Words

1. Καλέω (kaleō) [ka-LEH-oh]: This is the root verb meaning “to call” or “to invite.” While κλητός is the state of being called, καλέω is the act of calling.
2. Ἐκλεκτός (eklektos) [ek-LEK-tos]: Meaning “chosen” or “elect,” this word often appears alongside κλητός to describe those who are both called and chosen, adding another layer of meaning to the concept of divine selection.
3. Προσκλήσεως (prosklēsis) [pros-KLEE-sees]: This noun means “an invitation” or “a call,” often used in the context of a personal or communal summons.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Case, Number, Gender:
As an adjective, κλητός follows the second declension pattern in Greek grammar.

• Nominative Singular (Masculine/Feminine): κλητός
• Genitive Singular (Masculine/Feminine): κλητοῦ
• Dative Singular (Masculine/Feminine): κλητῷ
• Accusative Singular (Masculine/Feminine): κλητόν
• Nominative Plural (Masculine/Feminine): κλητοί

Declension Table:

For more information on Greek grammar, Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Studying Lexicon Insights

In the New Testament, κλητός is often used to emphasize God’s gracious invitation and the response it requires. It appears in Matthew 20:16, where Jesus states, “So the last will be first, and the first last. For many are called [κλητοί], but few are chosen.” This phrase highlights the universal offer of God’s grace but also the selective nature of those who ultimately respond and are chosen. Various lexicons point out that κλητός is a key term in discussions about divine election, the scope of God’s calling, and the responsibilities it entails. This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

1. Matthew 20:16: “So the last shall be first, and the first last: for many are called [κλητοί], but few are chosen.”
2. Romans 1:6: “Among whom are ye also the called [κλητοί] of Jesus Christ.”
3. 1 Corinthians 1:24: “But unto them which are called [κλητοῖς], both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God, and the wisdom of God.”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Noteworthy Summary

The Greek word κλητός is rich in meaning, reflecting both the concept of invitation and divine selection in the New Testament. Its use in theological contexts is crucial for understanding passages about divine calling, election, and the inclusivity yet exclusivity of God’s Kingdom. It is an essential term for comprehending the relationship between God’s sovereignty and human response.

Did You Know?

1. In ancient Greece, κλητός could refer to someone summoned for a legal trial or a public assembly.
2. The concept of being “called” in the New Testament often implies both privilege and responsibility, highlighting the significance of responding to God’s invitation.
3. The phrase “many are called, but few are chosen” has been a point of theological reflection for centuries, raising discussions on predestination and free will in Christian theology.