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Unveiling the Word

In Biblical studies, understanding Greek words like κενόω (kenóō) is vital for interpreting the New Testament and gaining insights into ancient Greek culture. This word is significant because it is directly associated with key theological concepts, such as the idea of “emptying” oneself, as seen in Philippians 2:7 where Christ “emptied Himself” (kenóō) to take on the form of a servant. It is also relevant in classical Greek, where it carried various meanings related to making something empty or void.

Necessary Information

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Greek Word: κενόω (kenóō), pronounced [keh-NO-oh].

Etymology: The word κενόω comes from the root κενός (kenos), which means “empty” or “vain.” The verb form κενόω means “to empty,” “to make void,” or “to deprive of content.”

Part of Speech: κενόω is a verb, and it is typically used in the active voice. As a verb, it describes an action or state, particularly in the context of emptying, nullifying, or rendering void.

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Defining Meanings

The primary meaning of κενόω is “to empty,” often implying a complete removal of contents or substance. In theological contexts, this can signify a self-emptying or humility.

Another meaning is “to make void” or “nullify,” which is used in legal and philosophical contexts to denote rendering something ineffective or powerless.

A third meaning is “to deprive of significance or meaning,” suggesting that something is stripped of its value or importance.

Exploring Similar Words

κενός (kenos) [keh-NOS]: This word, meaning “empty” or “vain,” is closely related to kenóō as its root. It describes the state of being empty or devoid of value, rather than the action of emptying.

ματαιόω (mataióō) [mah-tai-OH-oh]: This verb means “to render useless” or “to make vain.” While similar to kenóō in that it denotes making something ineffective, it carries a stronger connotation of futility and worthlessness.

ἐκκενόω (ekkenóō) [ek-ke-NO-oh]: This compound verb means “to empty out” or “to drain,” adding a more physical or exhaustive element to the action of emptying.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

For Verbs:
κενόω is a regular verb in the Greek language. Here is a conjugation table for the Present Indicative form of κενόω:

The verb is usually found in the aorist tense when it describes a completed action of emptying or making void. The different aspects—imperfective (ongoing), perfective (completed), and stative (resulting state)—play important roles in conveying the nuances of kenóō in various contexts. Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Studying Lexicon Insights

Insights from various Greek lexicons show that κενόω is used to describe the process of making something empty, void, or devoid of value. In the New Testament, its theological implication is profound, particularly in Philippians 2:7, where it describes Christ’s self-emptying. In classical Greek, it carries connotations of making ineffective or reducing to nothing. The usage varies between legal, philosophical, and rhetorical contexts, highlighting its versatility and depth.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

Philippians 2:7: “But made Himself of no reputation [ἐκένωσεν, kenóō], taking the form of a bond-servant, and being made in the likeness of men.”

1 Corinthians 1:17: “For Christ did not send me to baptize, but to preach the gospel—not with wisdom of words, lest the cross of Christ should be made of none effect [κενωθῇ, kenóō].”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Noteworthy Summary

κενόω is a profound Greek verb that plays a significant role in both Biblical and classical literature. Its meanings range from “to empty” to “to nullify” or “make void,” offering rich theological and philosophical implications. In the New Testament, it captures the essence of humility and sacrifice, while in classical Greek, it is employed in discussions about substance, value, and rhetoric.

Did You Know?

κενόω is the root of the theological term “kenosis,” which refers to the self-emptying of Jesus in Christian theology, highlighting His humility and obedience.

The use of κενόω in legal contexts in ancient Greece often implied making a contract or agreement void, showing its broad application beyond theology.

In philosophical writings, κενόω was used to criticize rhetoric that lacked substance, aligning with the broader cultural disdain for empty or deceitful speech.