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Unveiling the Word

Understanding the Greek word κελεύω (keleuō) is crucial for deepening our grasp of certain New Testament texts and the broader cultural context of the ancient world. The word κελεύω carries the idea of commanding, ordering, or giving a directive. It often appears in contexts that involve authority and instruction, providing insight into the social and military structures of ancient Greek culture and how these notions are reflected in biblical passages.

Necessary Information

Greek Word: κελεύω (keleuō), pronounced [keh-LEU-oh].

Etymology: The verb κελεύω is derived from the root kel- in Greek, which is associated with calling or commanding. It has been used extensively in both Classical Greek and Koine Greek literature to denote an authoritative command or instruction.

Part of Speech: κελεύω is a verb. It is used in various tenses and voices in Greek, such as the Present Active Indicative, Aorist Middle, and more. It does not follow a specific declension class as it is a verb, but it does show different forms depending on tense, voice, and mood.

The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Defining Meanings

The primary meaning of κελεύω is “to command” or “to order.” This sense is often used in military, judicial, or authoritative contexts where an individual of higher status gives an order to those under their command.

Another significant meaning of κελεύω is “to bid” or “to instruct.” This use often appears in contexts where someone is directed to perform a specific action, reflecting an instruction rather than a forceful command.

A more generalized meaning of κελεύω is “to urge” or “to encourage,” which appears in situations where the emphasis is on persuasion rather than strict authority. This meaning can also imply a form of encouragement or prompting rather than a directive command.

Exploring Similar Words

διατάσσω (diatassō) [dee-ah-TAS-soh]: While it also means “to command,” this word carries a more formal sense of arranging or setting things in order, often used in a legislative or organizational context.

ἐντολή (entolē) [en-to-LAY]: This word translates as “commandment” and is frequently used in the New Testament to refer to divine or moral commands. It has a broader moral and ethical scope compared to κελεύω.

παραγγέλλω (parangellō) [par-an-GHEL-loh]: Meaning “to give orders” or “to instruct,” this term is similar to κελεύω but often carries a connotation of transmitting messages or commands from a higher authority.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

For Verbs: κελεύω is a regular Greek verb that can appear in different tenses, voices, and moods. Below is a conjugation table for the Present Active Indicative:

The word is conjugated similarly in other tenses like Aorist and Future but changes in endings to reflect voice and mood. Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Studying Lexicon Insights

In examining κελεύω across various lexicons, we find it consistently used in contexts of authority and command, whether divine or human. In New Testament usage, κελεύω appears where Jesus or apostles issue direct instructions, illustrating both divine authority and pastoral care. In classical contexts, it is often employed in military or political scenarios, emphasizing the hierarchical nature of Greek society. The theological implications suggest a God who commands with authority but also directs His followers with purpose. Across these different sources, κελεύω retains its core meaning but adapts in nuance depending on the context.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

Matthew 14:9: “And the king was sorry, but because of his oaths and his guests, he commanded [κελεύσεν] it to be given.”

Acts 8:38: “And he commanded [κελεύσεν] the chariot to stop, and they both went down into the water, Philip and the eunuch, and he baptized him.”

Acts 23:2: “And the high priest Ananias commanded [κελεύσεν] those standing beside him to strike him on the mouth.”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Noteworthy Summary

The Greek verb κελεύω captures the essence of command and authority in both biblical and classical texts. It is a word that conveys direct action, whether it be in the context of divine commands or military orders. Its usage in various forms and contexts illustrates the flexibility and power of language in shaping the narratives of Scripture and classical literature. Understanding this word enhances our grasp of themes related to authority, leadership, and divine guidance.

Did You Know?

κελεύω is used only a few times in the New Testament, yet it carries significant weight in narratives involving authority.

In classical Greek literature, κελεύω often appears in the context of war and governance, indicating its cultural importance.

The word is closely related to κελεύσματος (command), which signifies the call or order issued, showing the interconnectedness of Greek words in expressing concepts of leadership and control.