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Unveiling the Word

Understanding Greek words in biblical studies offers invaluable insights into the original meanings and contexts of scriptural passages. The Greek word κέλευσμα (keleusma) is particularly significant because it conveys the sense of a commanding call or shout, which is crucial to interpreting certain eschatological themes in the New Testament. It is a term associated with authority, military orders, and divine commands, providing a glimpse into both the cultural and theological perspectives of the ancient world.

Necessary Information

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Greek Word: κέλευσμα, transliterated as keleusma and pronounced [keh-LOOS-mah]. This noun is derived from the verb κελεύω (keleuō), meaning “to command” or “to give an order.”

Etymology: The root of κέλευσμα is the verb κελεύω (keleuō), which means “to command” or “to give an order.” The noun form κέλευσμα carries the connotation of a “shout of command,” often used in military and naval contexts.

Part of Speech: κέλευσμα is a noun. It is a neuter noun in Greek, typically used in the singular form. The word does not follow a typical declension pattern but fits within the broader category of third declension Greek nouns. The term is used mainly in the nominative and accusative cases.

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Defining Meanings

The primary meaning of κέλευσμα is a “shout of command” or a “call of order.” This definition captures the urgency and authority behind the word, often associated with military or naval settings where such commands were critical for coordinated action.

Another meaning of κέλευσμα is “summons” or “command,” especially in contexts involving authority or leadership. This secondary definition is significant in understanding its theological implications in the New Testament, particularly in passages related to divine authority and eschatological events.

The word can also be understood more generally as a “signal” or “prompt” to action, broadening its application to various contexts where an authoritative call is needed to initiate a response.

Exploring Similar Words

προσταγμά (prostagma) [pros-TAG-mah]: This word means “an order” or “a directive” and is used similarly to κέλευσμα but typically lacks the nuance of an immediate, shouted command. It is more formal and less urgent.

διαταγή (diatagē) [dee-ah-tah-GAY]: Meaning “a decree” or “an arrangement,” this term differs from κέλευσμα in that it usually refers to written orders or commands that are more procedural and less immediate.

ἐντολή (entolē) [en-to-LAY]: This word translates as “commandment” and often refers to divine commands or moral instructions. Unlike κέλευσμα, it carries a more ethical and less militaristic tone.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

As a neuter noun, κέλευσμα follows the patterns of third-declension Greek nouns. Here is the declension for the noun:

This table illustrates how the word changes based on its grammatical case and number, which affects its function in a sentence. Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Studying Lexicon Insights

In New Testament contexts, κέλευσμα is a powerful term that conveys the idea of a commanding voice, especially in eschatological passages like 1 Thessalonians 4:16, where it describes the shout of an archangel at the return of Christ. Lexicons emphasize its military and authoritative connotations, indicating a call that demands immediate attention and action. The word is often associated with the sound of a trumpet or a call to battle, reflecting both divine authority and urgency. Theological implications involve God’s final summons to His people and the decisive nature of divine commands. The word retains its core meaning of an urgent and authoritative call across various contexts.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

In 1 Thessalonians 4:16, the verse reads: “For the Lord himself will descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trumpet of God; and the dead in Christ will rise first.” The word κέλευσμα (shout) is used to depict a commanding call that signifies Christ’s return, emphasizing the authoritative and divine nature of this event.

Analyzing Classical Usage

Noteworthy Summary

κέλευσμα is a profound term within the New Testament that highlights themes of authority, divine command, and eschatological significance. It reflects both military and divine aspects, illustrating the power of a divine call to action or judgment. By examining its use across different contexts, one gains a richer understanding of its theological depth and practical implications.

Did You Know?

The word κέλευσμα is rare in the New Testament, appearing only once, underscoring its unique importance in describing the second coming of Christ.

In classical Greek literature, κέλευσμα was commonly used in naval contexts to signal the rowers to action, showing its flexibility in describing any authoritative command.

The Septuagint also uses κέλευσμα to describe commands related to battle, indicating its strong connection to leadership and order.