Introduction

Understanding the Greek word Κάϊν (Kaïn) is vital for Biblical studies because it represents the firstborn son of Adam and Eve, known in English as Cain. His story is central to the narratives of sin, jealousy, and divine judgment. The name Κάϊν appears in both the Old and New Testaments, providing insights into early human experiences, moral choices, and their consequences, as well as the cultural and theological significance in ancient Jewish and Christian texts.

Key Information

• The Greek Word: Κάϊν (Kaïn), pronounced [KAH-een].
• Etymology: Derived from the Hebrew קַיִן (Qayin), meaning “acquired” or “possession.”
• Part of Speech: Proper noun (masculine); indeclinable in Greek.
• The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Primary Meanings

• Cain: The first son of Adam and Eve, known for killing his brother Abel (Genesis 4:1-16).
• Symbol of Jealousy and Sin: Often represents the dangers of unchecked jealousy and the consequences of sin.

Similar Words: Ἄβελ (Abel) [AH-vel] – the name of Cain’s brother, whom he murdered. While Κάϊν (Cain) signifies a person who acts out of jealousy and anger, Ἄβελ symbolizes innocence and victimhood.

Further Insights: As a proper noun, Κάϊν does not have a declension pattern like many Greek words. It remains the same in all grammatical cases due to its indeclinable nature. The name’s Hebrew root, קָנָה (qanah), suggests the idea of acquisition, potentially linking to Eve’s statement upon his birth: “I have gotten a man with the help of the Lord” (Genesis 4:1). The word has significant connotations in theology and ethics, serving as a cautionary figure. Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Lexicon Insights

• BDAG: Notes that Κάϊν refers to the firstborn son of Adam, who became the first murderer by killing his brother, Abel. The name is used figuratively in some texts to signify sin and wrongdoing.
• Thayers: Describes Κάϊν as an indeclinable proper noun from the Hebrew origin, associated with the narrative of sin, murder, and divine punishment.
• Vines: Emphasizes the theological and ethical implications of the name Κάϊν, discussing its metaphorical usage to describe sinful actions and consequences.
• LSJ: Provides the historical and etymological context of Κάϊν, linking it to its Hebrew roots and noting its rare usage outside of Biblical texts.
• Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance: Lists Κάϊν as an important figure in both the Old and New Testaments, providing key references to his actions and their lasting significance.

Related Scripture References

• Hebrews 11:4: “By faith Abel offered to God a more acceptable sacrifice than Cain (Κάϊν), through which he was commended as righteous.”
• 1 John 3:12: “We should not be like Cain (Κάϊν), who was of the evil one and murdered his brother.”
• Jude 1:11: “Woe to them! For they walked in the way of Cain (Κάϊν) and abandoned themselves for the sake of gain.”

Classical Usage

In classical Greek literature, Κάϊν does not appear prominently outside biblical contexts, given its specific association with the Biblical narrative. However, its usage in the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, reflects its importance in early Jewish and Christian thought.

Summary of Κάϊν (G2535: Kaïn)

The Greek word Κάϊν (Kaïn) serves as a crucial term in biblical theology, representing the first murderer in human history according to the Bible. His story embodies the themes of sin, jealousy, and divine judgment. The name is an essential reference in theological discussions and moral teachings, particularly within early Jewish and Christian contexts.

Did You Know?

• Κάϊν is often used metaphorically to represent sin and moral failure in Christian teachings.
• The New Testament references Κάϊν as an example of unrighteousness and warns believers not to follow his example.
• The name appears in both the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) and the New Testament, underscoring its lasting significance in Judeo-Christian traditions.