Introduction

Understanding Greek words in Biblical studies is essential for delving into the subtleties of Scripture. The Greek word καθέδρα (kathedra) is particularly significant as it conveys the concept of a “seat” or “chair,” often with implications of authority, teaching, or judgment. This word has been relevant not only for New Testament interpretation but also for understanding the social and cultural structures of ancient Greek and early Christian societies.

Key Information

• The Greek Word: καθέδρα (kathedra), pronounced [ka-THED-ra].
• Etymology: Derived from the Greek root κατά (kata, meaning “down”) and ἕδρα (hedra, meaning “seat” or “base”), literally translating to “a sitting place.”
• Part of Speech: Noun (feminine); first declension in Greek grammar.
• The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Primary Meanings

• Seat or Chair: Refers to a physical seat or chair, often used in contexts implying a place of authority or teaching.
• Judgment Seat: Can indicate a place from which judgments are pronounced, associated with legal or ecclesiastical settings.
• Teaching Position: Symbolically represents a position of teaching or instruction, particularly in religious or philosophical contexts.

Similar Words: θρόνος (thronos) [THRO-nos] – meaning “throne.” While καθέδρα denotes a seat or chair with possible connotations of authority, θρόνος specifically refers to a throne, a more explicit symbol of royal or divine authority.

Further Insights: The noun καθέδρα follows the first declension pattern in Greek grammar, which is typical for many feminine nouns. It has an inflectional pattern that changes its ending based on the grammatical case. Below is the declension chart for καθέδρα:

Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Lexicon Insights

• BDAG: Defines καθέδρα primarily as a “seat” or “chair,” highlighting its use in both secular and religious contexts, including a “seat of authority.”
• Thayers: Explains καθέδρα as a seat of judgment or teaching, often associated with scribes and teachers in synagogues.
• Vines: Focuses on the symbolic use of καθέδρα to denote positions of teaching or judgment, particularly in ecclesiastical settings.
• LSJ: Lists καθέδρα as a general term for a “seat,” but also extends its meaning to a “seat of authority” in legal or academic settings.
• Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance: Describes καθέδρα as a seat, with an emphasis on its metaphorical use for a place of authority or judgment.

Related Scripture References

• Matthew 23:2 – “The scribes and the Pharisees sit in Moses’ seat [καθέδρας].”
• Mark 11:16 – “And He would not allow anyone to carry merchandise through the temple courts [καθέδραν].”

Classical Usage

καθέδρα appears in classical Greek literature with meanings ranging from a physical seat to a place of authority or judgment.

Summary of καθέδρα (G2515: kathedra)

The Greek word καθέδρα (kathedra) carries rich connotations of authority, judgment, and teaching within both classical and New Testament contexts. Its use in the New Testament, particularly in reference to the Pharisees’ and scribes’ authority in interpreting the Law, highlights its importance. In broader Greek literature, καθέδρα often symbolizes a place of decision-making and power, whether in a judicial or academic setting. Understanding καθέδρα helps reveal the layers of authority and leadership embedded within ancient Greek and early Christian societies.

Did You Know?

• The word cathedral in English derives from καθέδρα, indicating a bishop’s seat of authority in a church.
• In ancient Greece, καθέδρα was not only a literal seat but also a symbol of the role of judges, teachers, and philosophers.
• The term ex cathedra, meaning “from the chair,” is still used in Catholicism to signify authoritative papal teachings.

Understanding καθέδρα sheds light on how authority and teaching roles were conceptualized in the ancient world, providing deeper insight into Biblical and historical texts.