Introduction

Understanding Greek words is crucial for Biblical studies because they offer deeper insights into the text’s original meaning and context. The Greek word Ἰώβ (Iṓb) is particularly significant as it references the Old Testament figure Job, a central character known for his unwavering faith amidst suffering. Studying this word helps bridge the cultural and linguistic gap between the Hebrew Old Testament and the Greek New Testament, shedding light on how early Christians understood the story of Job.

Key Information

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• The Greek Word: Ἰώβ (Iṓb), pronounced [ee-OHB].
• Etymology: The Greek Ἰώβ is derived from the Hebrew יֹוב (Iyyov), which is rooted in a word meaning “persecuted” or “object of enmity.”
• Part of Speech: Proper noun, masculine.
• Declension: Follows the third declension pattern in Greek for proper nouns.
• The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Primary Meanings

• Job: Refers specifically to the Biblical figure Job, known for his patience and faith in the face of severe trials as depicted in the Book of Job.

Similar Words: Ἰάκωβος (Iákōbos) [ee-AH-ko-bos] – This word refers to another prominent Biblical name, Jacob. While both Ἰώβ (Job) and Ἰάκωβος (Jacob) are proper nouns derived from Hebrew names, they differ in meaning and historical context. Job represents endurance amidst suffering, while Jacob signifies one who supplants or replaces.

Further Insights: The Greek Ἰώβ follows a third declension pattern for masculine nouns. The transliteration from Hebrew to Greek involves maintaining the phonetic sound as closely as possible, illustrating the linguistic adaptations made for Hebrew names within Greek-speaking contexts. Below is a declension chart for Ἰώβ:

Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Lexicon Insights

• BDAG: Defines Ἰώβ as the Greek form of the Hebrew name Job, primarily referring to the Old Testament figure known for his patience and righteousness.
• Thayers: Elaborates on the Hebrew origin of the name and its implications in a Biblical context, focusing on Job’s role as a paragon of endurance.
• Vines: Focuses on the character of Job, discussing his narrative significance in the context of trials, faith, and divine sovereignty.
• LSJ: Describes the name’s usage in Greek literature, noting its adoption from Hebrew and its unique application within the Biblical narrative.
• Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance: Lists occurrences and emphasizes the story of Job as foundational for understanding suffering and divine testing.

Related Scripture References

• James 5:11 – “You have heard of the endurance of Job [Ἰώβ] and have seen the outcome of the Lord’s dealings.”
• Septuagint (LXX), Job 1:1 – “There was a man in the land of Uz whose name was Job [Ἰώβ]; and that man was blameless, upright, fearing God, and turning away from evil.”

Classical Usage

Summary of Ἰώβ (G2492: Iṓb)

The Greek word Ἰώβ (Iṓb) connects to the Old Testament narrative of Job, a figure whose story of faith and perseverance in the face of suffering has had a profound influence on both Jewish and Christian traditions. This word’s transition from Hebrew to Greek illustrates the cultural and linguistic blending in early scriptural translations. It also highlights Job’s enduring relevance as a model of patient faith in adversity, which resonates throughout Biblical teachings.

Did You Know?

• The name Ἰώβ appears over 50 times in the Septuagint translation of the Book of Job.
• Job’s name in Hebrew, יֹוב (Iyyov), might be connected to the Hebrew root for “return,” symbolizing repentance and restoration.
• Job’s story is considered one of the oldest narratives in the Bible, possibly predating many other Old Testament texts.

This overview of Ἰώβ provides an in-depth look at its theological significance and its continued importance in Biblical interpretation.