G2299

Introduction

Understanding Greek words such as θεά (theá) is crucial for enriching our interpretation of Biblical texts and grasping the nuances of ancient Greek culture. The word θεά translates to “goddess” and is rarely found in the New Testament, reflecting the polytheistic background of the Greco-Roman world. Its study provides valuable insights into the historical and religious context of the early Christian era, especially in how the early Christians distinguished their monotheistic beliefs from the prevalent polytheistic worship surrounding them.

Key Information

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• The Greek Word: θεά (theá), [theh-AH]
• Etymology: Derived from the Greek root θεός (theós), meaning “god,” with a feminine suffix to denote “goddess.”
• Part of Speech: Noun, feminine (1st declension)
• The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Primary Meanings

• A goddess, female deity.

Similar Words: θεός (theós), [theh-OS] – This word is the masculine form, meaning “god” or “deity.” While θεά specifically refers to a female deity, θεός is the more general term for “god” and can be applied to any divine being, including the God of the Bible in the New Testament.

Further Insights: θεά follows the first declension pattern for feminine nouns in Greek. It modifies according to number and case in Greek grammar. Below is a table showing its declension:

Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek: Understanding Greek Grammar: A Beginner’s Guide.

Lexicon Insights

• BDAG: Defines θεά as “goddess,” a feminine form related to θεός. The term appears in classical literature to refer to female deities worshiped in various Greco-Roman religions.
• Thayers: Describes θεά simply as “a goddess,” and notes its absence in most Christian contexts due to the monotheistic nature of the faith. The word reflects the cultural context of polytheism in ancient Greece and Rome.
• Vines: Points out that θεά is a term specific to female deities and was largely used in reference to mythological figures in ancient Greek and Roman culture.
• LSJ: Provides a detailed overview, indicating that θεά was commonly used in classical literature and inscriptions to denote goddesses like Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite.
• Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance: Defines θεά as “goddess” and highlights its rare appearance in Biblical texts, with a primary focus on its use in classical Greek writings to refer to various goddesses.

Related Scripture References

• Acts 19:27: “Not only is there danger that this trade of ours falls into disrepute, but also that the temple of the great goddess [θεᾶς] Artemis be regarded as worthless and that she whom all of Asia and the world worship will even be dethroned from her magnificence.”

Classical Usage

Summary of θεά (G2299: theá)

The noun θεά (G2299: theá) is a feminine term meaning “goddess.” It appears sparingly in Biblical texts, as the New Testament and early Christian writings emphasize monotheism and the rejection of polytheistic beliefs. The word reflects the broader cultural and religious context of the Greco-Roman world, where numerous goddesses were worshiped and revered. Understanding this word helps readers grasp the contrast between the polytheistic environment of the time and the emerging Christian faith. In classical literature, θεά is frequently used to refer to prominent goddesses such as Hera, Aphrodite, and Isis, providing a lens into ancient religious practices and societal values.

Did You Know?

In ancient Greek culture, the term θεά was not just limited to describing powerful deities like Hera or Athena but was also used for personified concepts such as victory (Nike), justice (Dike), and peace (Eirene). This usage underscores how the Greeks understood their world as filled with divine beings influencing every aspect of life, from war to household affairs.