Introduction

Understanding Greek words is vital in Biblical studies as it provides a more nuanced understanding of the Scriptures and their cultural context. The Greek word Ἑρμῆς (Hermēs) is particularly significant because it is not just a proper noun but the name of a well-known Greek deity. In the New Testament, Hermēs appears in a specific context that reflects how early Christians encountered and were perceived in the Greco-Roman world. Recognizing the cultural background of Hermēs is essential for interpreting passages where Greek mythology intersects with early Christian narratives.

Key Information

• The Greek Word: Ἑρμῆς (Hermēs) [her-MAYS]
• Etymology: Derived from the Greek root associated with the god Hermes, who was the messenger of the gods, and the god of commerce, communication, travelers, and trickery.
• Part of Speech: Proper noun (masculine); third declension.
• The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Primary Meanings

• Hermes: The name of a Greek god known as the messenger of the gods, god of trade, eloquence, and guide of souls to the underworld.
• Interpreter/Messenger: In broader Greek culture, Hermes symbolized communication and interpretation.

Similar Words: ἑρμηνεύω (hermēneúō) [her-may-NYOO-oh] means “to interpret” or “to explain.” While Ἑρμῆς (Hermēs) is a proper noun referring to the Greek deity, ἑρμηνεύω is a verb that derives from the same root and emphasizes the act of interpreting or explaining messages.

Further Insights: The word Ἑρμῆς (Hermēs) follows the third declension pattern for masculine nouns in Greek. Proper names in Greek often carry specific cultural and religious connotations. Below is the full declension chart for Ἑρμῆς:

Click here for a beginner’s guide to reading Greek.

Lexicon Insights

BDAG: Ἑρμῆς is defined as “Hermes,” the name of a Greek god known for being the messenger of the gods. The lexicon notes its use in the New Testament to describe a situation where Paul is mistaken for Hermes because of his eloquent speech, which aligns with the god’s attributes.

Thayer’s: Provides the definition of Ἑρμῆς as the name of the Greek god associated with eloquence, communication, and travel. Thayer highlights its appearance in Acts 14:12, where Paul is referred to as Hermes due to his speaking abilities.

Vine’s Expository Dictionary: Focuses on Ἑρμῆς as a proper noun representing the Greek god. The dictionary discusses the cultural background of the name and its connection to Paul’s experience in Lystra, where he and Barnabas are mistakenly thought to be gods.

LSJ (Liddell-Scott-Jones): Lists Ἑρμῆς as “Hermes,” detailing its use as a proper noun for the Greek god. LSJ provides examples of its use in classical literature, reflecting Hermes’ role in communication, commerce, and guidance.

Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance: Identifies Ἑρμῆς as “Hermes,” pointing out its reference in Acts 14:12, where Paul is called Hermes because he was the chief speaker. This reflects the cultural context of early Christian missionary work among polytheistic societies.

Related Scripture References

• Acts 14:12: “Barnabas they called Zeus, and Paul, Hermes [Ἑρμῆς], because he was the chief speaker.”

Classical Usage

Septuagint Examples:

No direct examples of the name Ἑρμῆς appear in the Septuagint; however, the cultural significance of Hermes is evident in the Hellenistic period’s interaction with Greek religion and philosophy.

Summary of Ἑρμῆς (G2060)

In summary, Ἑρμῆς (Hermēs) is a Greek proper noun referring to the god Hermes, known for being the messenger of the gods, a guide for souls, and a deity associated with commerce, eloquence, and interpretation. In the New Testament, it is used to describe an incident where Paul was mistaken for Hermes due to his speaking abilities. Understanding the word Ἑρμῆς provides insight into the cultural exchanges and perceptions between early Christians and the polytheistic societies they encountered, particularly in missionary contexts.

Did You Know?

Did you know that Hermes was also considered the protector of travelers and merchants in ancient Greek culture? As a result, temples and shrines dedicated to Hermes were often found at crossroads, marketplaces, and ports, underscoring his role as a bridge between different realms and people.