G2015
Introduction
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Understanding Greek words is crucial for Biblical studies, as it helps uncover deeper meanings behind the scriptures. The Greek word ἐπιφάνεια (epipháneia), meaning “appearance” or “manifestation,” is particularly significant in the New Testament because it often refers to the visible and dramatic manifestation of divine power or presence. This term is foundational for interpreting passages related to divine appearances, particularly those referring to Christ’s return or the revelation of God’s glory. In ancient Greek culture, epipháneia could also denote the appearance of a deity, underscoring its importance in both religious and secular texts.
Key Information
- The Greek Word: ἐπιφάνεια (epipháneia) [eh-pee-FAH-neh-ah]
- Etymology: Derived from the prefix ἐπι- (epi-), meaning “upon” or “over,” and φαίνω (phaínō), meaning “to shine” or “to appear.” Together, epipháneia implies “a shining upon” or “appearance,” often with a sense of significance or divine revelation.
- Part of Speech: Noun (feminine); it follows the first declension pattern in Greek grammar.
- The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.
Primary Meanings
- Appearance or Manifestation: Often used in contexts where a divine or royal figure appears in glory or power.
- Advent: In Christian theology, it specifically refers to the appearance or coming of Jesus Christ, particularly His second coming.
- Revelation: A revealing or unveiling of divine truth or presence.
Similar Words: φάντασμα (phántasma) [FAHN-tahs-mah], meaning “phantom” or “apparition,” differs from epipháneia as it often connotes something more ghostly or less real. In contrast, epipháneia conveys a real and significant appearance, usually with a positive or divine connotation.
Further Insights: The word ἐπιφάνεια is a first declension feminine noun, which means its endings change based on case (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative) and number (singular, plural). This variation is important for understanding its use in different grammatical contexts.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἐπιφάνεια (epipháneia) | ἐπιφανεῖαι (epipháneiai) |
| Genitive | ἐπιφανείας (epiphaneías) | ἐπιφανειῶν (epiphaneiṓn) |
| Dative | ἐπιφανείᾳ (epiphaneíāi) | ἐπιφανείαις (epiphaneíais) |
| Accusative | ἐπιφάνειαν (epipháneian) | ἐπιφανείας (epiphaneías) |
Click here for a beginner’s guide to reading Greek: Understanding Greek Grammar: A Beginner’s Guide.
Lexicon Insights
BDAG:
Defines epipháneia as “manifestation, appearance,” particularly of a divine being or power. In Christian contexts, it often refers to the glorious return of Christ.
Thayer’s Lexicon:
Describes epipháneia as “a manifestation or appearance,” with an emphasis on its use in both the Greco-Roman world for the appearance of a deity and in Christian texts for the appearance of Christ.
Vine’s Expository Dictionary:
Notes that epipháneia can be translated as “appearing” or “manifestation” and is used in the New Testament mainly for the advent of Christ, both in His incarnation and His future coming.
LSJ (Liddell-Scott-Jones):
Highlights that epipháneia was used in classical Greek to denote the visible appearance of a deity or royal figure. It emphasizes the impact and significance of such an appearance.
Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance:
Defines epipháneia as “a manifestation,” especially of a divine nature or presence. It is often used in conjunction with events of significant revelation or divine intervention.
Related Scripture References
- 2 Timothy 4:1: “I charge thee therefore before God, and the Lord Jesus Christ, who shall judge the quick and the dead at his appearing [ἐπιφανείᾳ (epiphaneíāi)] and his kingdom.”
- Titus 2:13: “Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing [ἐπιφάνειαν (epipháneian)] of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ.”
- 2 Thessalonians 2:8: “And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness [ἐπιφανείᾳ (epiphaneíāi)] of his coming.”
Classical Usage
| Author | Name of Work | English Text |
|---|---|---|
| Plutarch | Life of Alexander | “There was an epiphany (ἐπιφάνεια) of great joy when Alexander returned victorious.” |
| Polybius | Histories | “The king’s epiphany (ἐπιφάνεια) at the festival caused the people to be filled with awe.” |
| Philo | On the Life of Moses | “The divine epiphany (ἐπιφάνεια) was a light brighter than any earthly fire.” |
| Septuagint | Wisdom of Solomon 18:1 (LXX) | “Nevertheless thy saints had a very great light (ἐπιφάνεια).” |
| Septuagint | 2 Maccabees 3:24 (LXX) | “For there appeared (ἐπιφάνεια) unto them a horse with a terrible rider upon him.” |
| Septuagint | Isaiah 9:2 (LXX) | “The people that walked in darkness have seen a great light (ἐπιφάνεια): they that dwell in the land of the shadow of death, upon them hath the light shined.” |
Summary of ἐπιφάνεια (G2015: epipháneia)
The Greek word ἐπιφάνεια (epipháneia), meaning “appearance” or “manifestation,” holds a significant place in Biblical and ancient Greek contexts. In the New Testament, it often refers to the appearing of Jesus Christ, especially His second coming in glory and power. In classical Greek literature, epipháneia denotes the appearance of deities or notable figures, emphasizing its importance in conveying divine intervention or presence. By understanding epipháneia, readers can appreciate the rich imagery and theological depth it brings to Biblical texts, particularly those discussing divine revelation and the ultimate hope of Christ’s return.
Did You Know?
Did you know that ἐπιφάνεια shares its root with the modern English word “epiphany,” which signifies a sudden revelation or insight? The original Greek word emphasizes a dramatic and significant appearance, often of divine origin, that reveals deeper truths or realities. This connection highlights how the concept of “appearance” or “manifestation” transcends language and culture, shaping religious and philosophical thought across millennia.