G2000
Introduction
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Understanding Greek words in Biblical studies is essential for interpreting the New Testament and understanding the cultural nuances of ancient Greek society. The word ἐπισφαλής (Strong’s G2000: episphalḗs) is particularly significant as it conveys the idea of something being “unstable,” “insecure,” or “precarious.” This adjective helps us understand the underlying tension or uncertainty that can be present in various contexts, whether in personal relationships, moral choices, or life’s circumstances, providing insight into both Biblical usage and broader Greek literature.
Key Information
- The Greek Word: ἐπισφαλής (episphalḗs) [eh-pee-sfa-LAYS]
- Etymology: Derived from the prefix ἐπί (epi), meaning “upon” or “over,” and the root σφαλής (sphalḗs), which means “to trip” or “to fall.” Together, they imply a condition that is “liable to fall” or “precarious.”
- Part of Speech: Adjective; third declension.
- The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.
Primary Meanings
- Unstable or insecure.
- Precarious or prone to failure.
- Liable to fall or slip.
Similar Words: ἄστατος (ástatos) [AS-ta-tos] also means “unstable” or “inconstant,” but it specifically focuses on instability in a more abstract sense, such as being unsettled or wavering in decisions. Episphalḗs emphasizes the physical or metaphorical risk of falling or failing.
Further Insights: The adjective ἐπισφαλής belongs to the third declension in Greek, which is characterized by a variety of endings in different cases. The word is used to describe both literal and figurative instability, indicating that something is precarious or at risk of falling. This can apply to physical states, emotional conditions, or situations in life that are insecure or uncertain.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἐπισφαλής | ἐπισφαλεῖς |
| Genitive | ἐπισφαλοῦς | ἐπισφαλῶν |
| Dative | ἐπισφαλεῖ | ἐπισφαλέσι(ν) |
| Accusative | ἐπισφαλῆ | ἐπισφαλεῖς |
| Vocative | ἐπισφαλής | ἐπισφαλεῖς |
Click here for a beginner’s guide to reading Greek: Understanding Greek Grammar: A Beginner’s Guide.
Lexicon Insights
BDAG:
ἐπισφαλής is defined as “liable to fall” or “precarious,” particularly in contexts where there is a significant risk or instability. It is used metaphorically to describe a situation or state that is not secure.
Thayer’s Lexicon:
Describes episphalḗs as “unstable” or “insecure,” often in a moral or physical sense. It emphasizes the potential for falling or failing, whether literally or figuratively.
Vine’s Expository Dictionary:
Notes that episphalḗs conveys the idea of something being precarious or prone to failure. It is used in contexts where there is an inherent risk or danger of collapse or instability.
LSJ (Liddell-Scott-Jones):
Highlights that episphalḗs can refer to “liable to slip” or “precarious,” especially in classical Greek texts where it denotes a condition of danger or instability, both in physical and abstract terms.
Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance:
Defines episphalḗs as “unstable” or “insecure,” focusing on its usage in describing conditions or situations that are fraught with risk or uncertainty.
Related Scripture References
- Acts 27:9: “Now when much time was spent, and when sailing was now dangerous [ἐπισφαλοῦς (episphalous)], because the fast was now already past, Paul admonished them.”
Classical Usage
| Author | Name of Work | English Text |
|---|---|---|
| Plato | Timaeus | “The foundation seemed precarious (ἐπισφαλής), liable to slip under the weight.” |
| Aristotle | Nicomachean Ethics | “A life without virtue is like a ship without a rudder, always in danger (ἐπισφαλής) of being lost.” |
| Euripides | Medea | “The path they chose was precarious (ἐπισφαλής), fraught with danger.” |
| Septuagint | Proverbs 10:9 (LXX) | “He that walketh uprightly walketh surely: but he that perverteth his ways shall be known; his steps are precarious (ἐπισφαλής).” |
| Septuagint | Job 18:8 (LXX) | “For he is cast into a net by his own feet, and he walketh upon a snare; his way is insecure (ἐπισφαλής).” |
| Septuagint | Isaiah 59:9 (LXX) | “Therefore is judgment far from us, neither doth justice overtake us: we wait for light, but behold obscurity; for brightness, but we walk in precarious (ἐπισφαλής) paths.” |
Summary of ἐπισφαλής (G2000: episphalḗs)
The Greek word ἐπισφαλής (episphalḗs), meaning “unstable,” “precarious,” or “liable to fall,” is an adjective that captures the concept of instability and risk. It is used in the New Testament to describe dangerous or risky situations, as seen in Acts 27:9 when sailing was becoming perilous. The word is also significant in classical Greek literature and the Septuagint, where it denotes situations, paths, or conditions that are not secure and carry a risk of failure or danger. Understanding episphalḗs provides valuable insights into the linguistic and metaphorical expressions of uncertainty, instability, and moral risk in both ancient Greek thought and Biblical texts.
Did You Know?
Did you know that ἐπισφαλής comes from the Greek word for “to trip” or “to fall,” combining it with a prefix that implies being “upon” or “over”? This construction creates a vivid image of something that is precariously balanced and at risk of falling, illustrating the way ancient Greek language often conveyed complex ideas of risk and uncertainty in life, ethics, and decision-making.