Introduction

In Biblical studies, understanding the original Greek words used in scripture can provide profound insights into the text’s meanings and nuances. The Greek word ἐπίγνωσις (epígnōsis), Strong’s G1922, is particularly significant because it goes beyond simple knowledge to denote a deep, thorough understanding, often connected with spiritual discernment or revelation. Its relevance to New Testament interpretation and the understanding of ancient Greek culture makes it a word of great importance for scholars, students, and anyone interested in Biblical language studies.

Key Information

• The Greek Word: ἐπίγνωσις (epígnōsis) [eh-PEEG-no-sis]
• Etymology Root Words: From ἐπί (epi, “upon”) and γνῶσις (gnōsis, “knowledge”), implying an “intensive or full knowledge.”
• Part of Speech: Noun, feminine. It is a third declension noun, which reflects a process or state of knowing thoroughly.
• The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Primary Meanings

• A full or complete knowledge.
• Precise and correct understanding.
• Recognition or discernment, especially in a spiritual or relational context.
• An advanced or thorough knowledge often involving personal involvement or experience.

Similar Words: Related Greek words include γνῶσις (gnōsis) [GNO-sis], meaning “knowledge” in a general sense, and οἶδα (oida) [OY-dah], which is typically knowledge gained through perception. ἐπίγνωσις differs by implying a deeper, fuller understanding that often involves a personal or experiential aspect.

Further Insights: The noun ἐπίγνωσις is derived from the verb ἐπιγινώσκω (epiginōskō), which means “to know thoroughly” or “to recognize.” This noun form, therefore, refers to the state or process of having such thorough or full knowledge. In the New Testament, it often appears in contexts relating to spiritual insight, suggesting a knowledge that is not merely intellectual but involves divine or relational revelation.
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Lexicon Insights

• BDAG: Describes ἐπίγνωσις as a “full knowledge” or “recognition,” often used in contexts where a more profound, precise understanding is intended, such as in knowing God or His will more deeply.
• Thayers: Emphasizes that ἐπίγνωσις goes beyond mere knowledge (gnōsis) to refer to an accurate or full understanding. It is particularly used in the New Testament to denote a fuller, more precise knowledge of God and ethical wisdom.
• Vines: Explains that ἐπίγνωσις suggests a “complete comprehension” or a “recognition,” as opposed to an abstract or superficial acquaintance. It is the kind of knowledge that comes from true engagement and relational depth.
• LSJ: Notes its classical usage for coming to “know exactly” or “recognize fully,” distinguishing this from other types of knowledge that are either vague or partial. It is often seen in philosophical texts, where deeper understanding or insight is required.
• Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance: Defines it as “recognition, i.e., (by implication) full discernment, acknowledgment.” It emphasizes that ἐπίγνωσις is about knowing in a way that involves personal experience or revelation.

Related Scripture References

• Colossians 1:9: “For this reason we also, since the day we heard it, do not cease to pray for you, and to ask that you may be filled with the knowledge (ἐπίγνωσις) of His will in all wisdom and spiritual understanding.”
• 2 Peter 1:2: “Grace and peace be multiplied to you in the knowledge (ἐπίγνωσις) of God and of Jesus our Lord.”
• Philippians 1:9: “And this I pray, that your love may abound still more and more in knowledge (ἐπίγνωσις) and all discernment.”

Classical Usage

Summary of ἐπίγνωσις (G1922)

The Greek word ἐπίγνωσις (epígnōsis) represents a deep, precise form of knowledge, transcending basic understanding to imply full recognition or discernment. Used both in Biblical and classical literature, it is often associated with spiritual insight, ethical knowledge, and relational depth. In the New Testament, it signifies a deeper knowledge of God, His will, and His wisdom. This term’s use across various texts demonstrates its importance in understanding not only scripture but also ancient Greek philosophy and culture.

Did You Know?

In ancient Greek philosophy, ἐπίγνωσις was often associated with the idea of achieving a higher level of wisdom and understanding. The Stoics, for instance, believed that true knowledge (ἐπίγνωσις) was key to achieving a life of virtue and peace. This concept continues to influence modern philosophical and theological discussions on the nature of true knowledge and understanding.