Introduction

In the realm of Biblical studies, understanding the original Greek words of the New Testament is crucial for grasping the depth of meaning behind the text. The Greek word ἐκταράσσω (ektarassō) is one such term, rich in nuance and carrying significant implications for how we interpret emotions and actions in the scriptures. This word, though not frequently used, offers a profound insight into the states of disturbance or agitation that can affect the human soul. Its study not only enhances our understanding of specific New Testament passages but also sheds light on ancient Greek culture’s perceptions of emotional turmoil.

Key Information

• Greek Word: ἐκταράσσω (ektarassō) [ek-tah-RAH-so]
• Etymology: Derived from the prefix ἐκ (ek, meaning “out of”) and the verb ταράσσω (tarassō, meaning “to trouble” or “to disturb”). Thus, it conveys the idea of causing extreme disturbance or agitation.
• Part of Speech: Verb (Second Aorist Active Indicative, First Person Singular)
• The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon

Primary Meanings

• To Disturb Greatly – Refers to causing intense emotional or psychological agitation.
• To Agitate Profoundly – Indicates a deep disturbance, often resulting in visible outward turmoil or distress.

Similar Words:

• ταράσσω (tarassō): A more commonly used verb meaning “to trouble” or “to disturb,” but often in a less intense sense than ἐκταράσσω.
• σπαράσσω (sparassō): Another verb that can mean “to convulse” or “to agitate,” but typically used in contexts describing physical rather than emotional disturbances.

Further Insights:

• Morphology: The verb ἐκταράσσω is in the second aorist active indicative, a tense indicating a past action that is simple and undefined. The prefix ἐκ- suggests an action that is forceful and outward, intensifying the base verb ταράσσω. The combination of these elements gives the word a strong connotation of being completely overwhelmed by disturbance or agitation. Here is the full conjugation of the verb in the aorist tense:

Lexicon Insights

• BDAG: Describes ἐκταράσσω as a verb used to express a state of extreme disturbance, particularly in the context of strong emotional or psychological unrest.
• Thayers: Notes that the word is employed to indicate severe agitation, often manifesting in visible signs of distress or confusion, and emphasizes its use in scenarios of profound emotional turmoil.
• Vines: Highlights the intensity of the disturbance implied by ἐκταράσσω, often indicating a state where one is shaken to the core, resulting in disorientation or panic.
• LSJ: Adds that in classical Greek, the term was used more broadly to describe both physical and emotional disturbances, emphasizing its versatility in ancient literature.
• Strongs Exhaustive Concordance: Defines the word as “to trouble greatly” or “to agitate intensely,” with an emphasis on the resulting external signs of internal unrest.

Scripture References

• John 13:21 – “When Jesus had said this, He became troubled (ἐκταράσσω) in spirit, and testified and said, ‘Truly, truly, I say to you, that one of you will betray Me.'”

Classical Usage

Summary of ἐκταράσσω (G1613: ektarassō)

The Greek word ἐκταράσσω (ektarassō) vividly conveys the concept of profound disturbance or agitation. In the New Testament, it is used to describe moments of deep emotional turmoil, such as Jesus being troubled in spirit when contemplating His betrayal. This verb’s usage in both Biblical and classical contexts underscores its role in depicting intense psychological or emotional states. The word’s powerful connotation of being shaken or troubled to the core provides critical insight into the emotional depth and gravity of certain Biblical passages, enhancing our understanding of the text’s portrayal of human experience.

Did You Know?

In ancient Greek drama, the concept of ἐκταράσσω was often employed to depict the emotional climax of a play, where characters would experience intense psychological turmoil that led to their ultimate downfall or redemption. This use of the word highlights the Greeks’ deep understanding of the human psyche and the dramatic power of emotional disturbance.