Introduction:

In the study of Biblical Greek, understanding the nuances of specific words can greatly enrich our interpretation of scripture. The Greek word ἐγκρατής (Strong’s G1468: enkratḗs) is particularly significant as it encapsulates the concept of self-mastery or self-control, a virtue that is highly valued both in ancient Greek philosophy and in Christian ethics. This word, found in the New Testament, represents an ideal of disciplined living, where one has control over their desires and impulses. By delving into the meaning and usage of ἐγκρατής, we gain deeper insight into the moral expectations placed on believers and the broader cultural values that influenced early Christian thought.

Key Information:

• Greek Word: ἐγκρατής (enkratḗs) [en-krat-ace’]
• Etymology: The word ἐγκρατής is derived from the root κρατέω (kratéō), meaning “to be strong” or “to have power,” combined with the prefix ἐν- (en-), meaning “in” or “within.” This formation emphasizes the idea of having strength or power within oneself, particularly in the context of self-control or mastery over one’s own desires.
• Part of Speech: Adjective
• The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon

Primary Meanings:

• Self-Controlled: The primary meaning of ἐγκρατής is “self-controlled” or “having mastery over oneself.” This adjective describes a person who exercises restraint and is able to govern their impulses, particularly in situations where indulgence might be tempting.
• Temperate: Another key meaning is “temperate,” referring to a balanced and moderate approach to life, where desires and passions are kept in check through deliberate self-discipline.

Similar Words:

• σώφρων (sṓphrōn) [so’-frone]: This word means “sensible” or “prudent,” and it shares a similar emphasis on self-control. However, σώφρων often focuses more on the mental aspect of prudence and wise judgment, while ἐγκρατής emphasizes the active control over one’s desires.
• ἄσκησις (áskēsis) [as’-kay-sis]: Meaning “exercise” or “training,” this word is related to the concept of disciplined practice, particularly in moral or spiritual development. While ἄσκησις refers to the process of training oneself, ἐγκρατής describes the resulting state of self-control achieved through such discipline.

Further Insights:

• Morphological Insights:
• ἐγκρατής is an adjective, indicating a quality or state of being. The word is directly related to the noun ἐγκράτεια (enkráteia), which means “self-control” or “temperance.” The adjective ἐγκρατής specifically describes a person who possesses this quality.
• The word is often used in contexts that emphasize ethical or moral behavior, where the ability to control one’s desires is seen as a virtue.

Lexicon Insights:

BDAG: ἐγκρατής is defined as “self-controlled, having power over oneself.” It is often used in moral contexts, particularly in discussions of virtues that are essential for a disciplined and godly life.

Thayer’s: Thayer’s lexicon describes ἐγκρατής as “strong, robust,” and more specifically, “having mastery or control over oneself.” The emphasis is on the internal strength required to resist temptation and maintain moral integrity.

Vine’s: In Vine’s Expository Dictionary, ἐγκρατής is linked to the idea of self-restraint, particularly in relation to bodily appetites and passions. The lexicon notes its importance in Christian teachings, where self-control is viewed as a key aspect of living a life that is pleasing to God.

LSJ: The Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon lists ἐγκρατής as an adjective meaning “having power” or “strong in self-control.” It highlights the word’s usage in both philosophical and ethical contexts, where it is associated with the ideal of self-mastery.

Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance: ἐγκρατής is noted as “self-controlled” or “temperate,” with an emphasis on the active role of the individual in exercising control over their impulses. Strong’s highlights its application in passages that encourage believers to live disciplined lives.

Scripture References:

• Titus 1:8: “But a lover of hospitality, a lover of good men, sober, just, holy, temperate (ἐγκρατής).”
• 1 Corinthians 9:25: “And every man that striveth for the mastery is temperate (ἐγκρατής) in all things. Now they do it to obtain a corruptible crown; but we an incorruptible.”

Classical Usage:

Summary of ἐγκρατής (G1468: enkratḗs):

The adjective ἐγκρατής (G1468: enkratḗs) plays a crucial role in the New Testament’s moral and ethical teachings. It signifies the quality of self-control, a virtue that is central to the Christian life. In ancient Greek philosophy, ἐγκρατής was regarded as a fundamental aspect of a virtuous life, reflecting the belief that true freedom comes from mastery over one’s desires. In the Christian context, this word emphasizes the importance of living a disciplined life, where self-control enables believers to resist temptation and live in accordance with God’s will. Understanding ἐγκρατής provides a deeper appreciation of the moral virtues that are expected of believers and offers a connection to the broader philosophical traditions that influenced early Christian thought.

Did You Know?

Did You Know? The concept of ἐγκρατής was not only valued in Christian teachings but also played a significant role in Stoic philosophy. Stoics believed that self-control (ἐγκρατής) was essential for achieving a state of tranquility, where one is not disturbed by external circumstances. This philosophy of self-mastery greatly influenced early Christian writers, who integrated the concept into their teachings on living a life that is pleasing to God. The emphasis on self-control in both Stoic and Christian thought highlights the universal recognition of this virtue as foundational to a life of moral excellence.