Introduction:

In Biblical studies, understanding the nuances of Greek words is essential for a deeper comprehension of the scriptures. The word ἐγκρατεύομαι (Strong’s G1467: enkrateúomai) is particularly significant as it pertains to the practice of self-control, a virtue that is highly esteemed in both ancient Greek culture and Christian teachings. This verb, found in various New Testament passages, emphasizes the active effort required to exercise restraint and discipline in one’s life. By exploring the meaning and context of ἐγκρατεύομαι, we gain valuable insights into the moral and ethical expectations placed on believers, as well as the broader philosophical traditions that influenced early Christian thought.

Key Information:

• Greek Word: ἐγκρατεύομαι (enkrateúomai) [en-krat-yoo’-om-ahee]
• Etymology: The word derives from the noun ἐγκράτεια (enkráteia), meaning “self-control,” combined with the verb-forming suffix -ομαι (-omai), indicating a reflexive or middle voice action. This construction suggests an action that one performs upon oneself, emphasizing personal responsibility and effort in maintaining self-control.
• Part of Speech: Verb (Middle Voice)
• The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon

Primary Meanings:

• To Exercise Self-Control: The primary meaning of ἐγκρατεύομαι is to exercise self-control or to abstain from indulgences. It often refers to the discipline of one’s passions, desires, or appetites.
• To Be Temperate: The verb also conveys the idea of being temperate or moderate in one’s actions, especially in contexts where restraint is necessary for spiritual or moral reasons.

Similar Words:

• ἀσκέω (askeō) [as-keh’-o]: A verb meaning “to exercise” or “to train,” often used in the context of physical or spiritual discipline. While ἀσκέω emphasizes the act of training or practicing, ἐγκρατεύομαι focuses on the resulting self-control or temperance.
• νηστεύω (nēsteúō) [nace-tyoo’-o]: This word means “to fast,” particularly in the sense of abstaining from food for spiritual reasons. Although related to self-control, νηστεύω is more specific to dietary practices, while ἐγκρατεύομαι has a broader application.

Further Insights:

• Morphological Insights:
• ἐγκρατεύομαι is a verb in the middle voice, indicating an action performed by the subject upon themselves. This emphasizes the personal responsibility inherent in the practice of self-control.
• The verb’s construction suggests ongoing or habitual action, highlighting the continuous nature of self-discipline required in the Christian life.

Lexicon Insights:

BDAG: ἐγκρατεύομαι is defined as “to exercise self-control,” particularly in contexts where moral restraint is emphasized. The lexicon notes its use in relation to the discipline required in the Christian life, especially in areas of personal conduct and spirituality.

Thayer’s: Thayer’s lexicon describes ἐγκρατεύομαι as a verb meaning “to be self-controlled” or “to be temperate.” It is often used in New Testament passages to highlight the importance of self-discipline as a virtue, especially in the pursuit of holiness.

Vine’s: ἐγκρατεύομαι is listed as a verb denoting “to practice self-control,” with an emphasis on the ongoing effort required to maintain temperance in various aspects of life. Vine’s notes its significance in Christian ethics, where self-control is seen as a fruit of the Spirit and an essential aspect of living a godly life.

LSJ: In classical Greek, ἐγκρατεύομαι is recognized as a term used in philosophical discussions of virtue, particularly in the context of personal discipline and moral excellence. The lexicon highlights its broader application in ethical teachings, where it is associated with the ideal of self-mastery.

Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance: ἐγκρατεύομαι is defined as “to exercise self-restraint,” with an emphasis on the active nature of this virtue. Strong’s notes its usage in passages that call for moderation and temperance in the believer’s life.

Scripture References:

• 1 Corinthians 9:25: “And every man that striveth for the mastery is temperate (ἐγκρατεύομαι) in all things. Now they do it to obtain a corruptible crown, but we an incorruptible.”
• 1 Corinthians 7:9: “But if they cannot contain (ἐγκρατεύομαι), let them marry: for it is better to marry than to burn.”

Classical Usage:

Summary of ἐγκρατεύομαι (G1467: enkrateúomai):

The verb ἐγκρατεύομαι (G1467: enkrateúomai) is central to the Christian concept of self-discipline and temperance. This word, which means “to exercise self-control,” underscores the active role believers must take in managing their desires, emotions, and actions. In the New Testament, ἐγκρατεύομαι is associated with the ethical teachings of Paul, where it is presented as a necessary virtue for those striving to live a life pleasing to God. The word also reflects the broader Greek philosophical tradition, where self-control was considered a cornerstone of personal virtue and moral excellence. Understanding ἐγκρατεύομαι provides deeper insight into the expectations of Christian behavior and the spiritual discipline required to maintain a righteous life.

Did You Know?

Did You Know? The concept of ἐγκρατεύομαι was not only valued in Christian teachings but also played a significant role in ancient athletic training. In 1 Corinthians 9:25, Paul uses the metaphor of an athlete exercising self-control (ἐγκρατεύομαι) to illustrate the disciplined life required of Christians. Just as athletes practice rigorous self-discipline to achieve a perishable crown, believers are called to exercise even greater self-control in their spiritual lives to obtain an imperishable crown. This metaphor highlights the importance of ongoing spiritual training and the commitment required to live according to the teachings of Christ.