Transliteration and Meaning:
The Greek word Γολγοθᾶ (transliterated as Golgotha and pronounced as “Gol-go-tha”) refers to the place where Jesus was crucified. The word is derived from the Aramaic term Golgotha, meaning “skull.” The full meaning of Golgotha is “the place of a skull,” which is likely derived from the shape of the hill or area where the crucifixion took place. In the New Testament, this term is associated with the location just outside Jerusalem where Jesus was executed.

Lexical Insights and Biblical Usage:
In various lexicons such as BDAG, Thayer’s, and Strong’s, Γολγοθᾶ is identified as the site of Jesus’ crucifixion, and the word is consistently translated as “the place of the skull.” BDAG highlights that this place was well known in the New Testament period as the execution site outside Jerusalem’s city walls. Thayer’s Lexicon also emphasizes the significance of the location as the place where Jesus was crucified.

The word Γολγοθᾶ appears in the New Testament in passages such as Matthew 27:33, Mark 15:22, and John 19:17. These verses describe Golgotha as the destination where Jesus was led to be crucified. The connection between Golgotha and the skull imagery has led to various interpretations, with some suggesting it refers to the shape of the hill or the presence of human skulls due to previous executions.

Usage in Classical Greek Literature:
The term Γολγοθᾶ does not have parallels in classical Greek literature and is unique to the New Testament texts. Its significance is purely theological and historical, related to the Christian narrative of the crucifixion. The word does not appear in Greek literature outside the biblical context, making it a specialized term within Christian tradition. The lack of usage in broader Greek literature underscores its specific association with the events of Jesus’ death.

Summary:
The word Γολγοθᾶ (G1115), transliterated as Golgotha, refers to the location where Jesus was crucified, known as “the place of the skull.” This term is rooted in the Aramaic language and holds significant meaning within the Christian tradition, as it denotes the site of one of the most pivotal events in the New Testament. Lexicons like BDAG and Thayer’s emphasize the historical and theological importance of Golgotha as the place of Jesus’ execution. While the word does not appear in classical Greek literature, its usage in the New Testament has made it a central term in Christian theology, representing the location of Jesus’ sacrifice and the fulfillment of prophecy. Golgotha remains a symbol of suffering, sacrifice, and redemption within the Christian faith.