Transliteration and Meaning:
The Greek word γεωργός (transliterated as geōrgós and pronounced as “gheh-or-GOS”) primarily means “farmer” or “husbandman.” The word is derived from two Greek roots: γῆ (gē), meaning “earth” or “land,” and ἔργον (ergon), meaning “work” or “task.” Therefore, γεωργός directly translates to “a worker of the earth” or “one who tills the ground.” This term is used in both a literal and metaphorical sense in the New Testament, often symbolizing someone who is responsible for nurturing and cultivating growth, whether in a physical or spiritual context.

Lexical Insights and Biblical Usage:
In lexicons such as BDAG, Thayer’s, and Strong’s, γεωργός is consistently defined as a “farmer” or “vine-dresser,” emphasizing the agricultural aspect of the word. BDAG further elucidates that γεωργός can be used metaphorically to refer to those who are responsible for spiritual cultivation, such as leaders in the Christian community who are entrusted with the care and growth of their congregations.

The word γεωργός appears several times in the New Testament. For instance, in John 15:1, Jesus describes His Father as the “husbandman” or “vine-dresser” (γεωργός), highlighting God’s role in tending to the spiritual growth of His people. Similarly, in 1 Corinthians 9:7, Paul uses the word to discuss the rights of those who labor in spiritual ministry, comparing them to a farmer who partakes in the fruits of his labor.

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Usage in Classical Greek Literature:
The term γεωργός was widely used in classical Greek literature and beyond to describe those who worked the land, particularly in an agricultural society where farming was a common occupation. For example, in Hesiod’s Works and Days, γεωργός is used to describe those who till the soil, emphasizing the importance of hard work and the relationship between labor and sustenance. Another example can be found in the works of Xenophon, where γεωργός refers to farmers who manage estates and are responsible for the production of crops. In Aristotle’s writings, γεωργός is again referenced in discussions on the economy and the roles of different citizens within a state, underscoring the centrality of agriculture in Greek society.

Summary:
The word γεωργός (G1092), transliterated as geōrgós, refers to a “farmer” or “husbandman,” one who works the land. Derived from the Greek words for “earth” and “work,” it emphasizes the role of an individual in cultivating and nurturing growth, both literally and metaphorically. The word is used in the New Testament to describe those who labor in the vineyard of the Lord, most notably in passages like John 15:1 and 1 Corinthians 9:7. In classical Greek literature, γεωργός appears frequently, illustrating the vital role of agriculture in ancient society. Whether in a physical or spiritual sense, γεωργός carries the connotation of diligent care, labor, and the responsibility of nurturing growth.