Transliteration and Meaning:
The Greek word Γεθσημανί (transliterated as Gethsemane and pronounced as “Geth-seh-mah-nee”) refers to a specific location mentioned in the New Testament, particularly in the accounts of Jesus’ final hours before his arrest. The name Gethsemane is derived from the Aramaic phrase Gath Shemanim, meaning “oil press.” This etymology suggests that Gethsemane was likely an olive grove or garden where olive oil was produced. It was a place of great significance in the Passion narratives, as it is where Jesus prayed intensely and expressed deep sorrow before his betrayal.

Lexical Insights and Biblical Usage:
In various lexicons such as BDAG, Thayer’s, and Strong’s, Γεθσημανί is identified as the garden or grove situated on the Mount of Olives, just outside Jerusalem. BDAG points out that the term is used exclusively in the New Testament to designate this particular location where Jesus withdrew to pray on the night before his crucifixion. Thayer’s Lexicon highlights the meaning of the name as an “oil press,” connecting the name to the likely presence of olive trees and oil production facilities in the area.

The word Γεθσημανί appears in the New Testament in the context of Jesus’ agony and prayer, as found in passages such as Matthew 26:36, Mark 14:32, and Luke 22:39. These verses depict Gethsemane as a place where Jesus experiences profound emotional and spiritual turmoil, wrestling with the prospect of his impending suffering and crucifixion. The garden of Gethsemane thus becomes synonymous with a place of deep prayer, submission to God’s will, and the beginning of Jesus’ Passion.

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Usage in Classical Greek Literature:
The term Γεθσημανί does not have parallels in classical Greek literature outside the biblical texts. Its use is confined to the New Testament, particularly within the context of the Passion narratives. Gethsemane’s significance is primarily theological and spiritual rather than literary or cultural in the broader Greek tradition. The garden’s role as the setting for Jesus’ prayer and his subsequent arrest gives the word a unique place in Christian thought and devotion.

Summary:
The word Γεθσημανί (G1068), transliterated as Gethsemane, refers to the garden or olive grove located on the Mount of Olives where Jesus prayed before his arrest. The name, rooted in the Aramaic phrase meaning “oil press,” indicates the likely presence of olive trees and oil production in the area. Lexicons like BDAG and Thayer’s emphasize the garden’s importance as the site of Jesus’ intense prayer and submission to God’s will, as recorded in the New Testament. Although Γεθσημανί does not appear in classical Greek literature, its significance within the Christian narrative is profound, representing a place of deep sorrow, prayer, and the beginning of the Passion. Gethsemane remains a symbol of spiritual struggle and ultimate obedience to God, central to Christian reflection on the events leading to the crucifixion.