Understanding βοές (boez) Strong’s G1003: The Messianic Link in Matthew’s Genealogy that Reveals God’s Redemptive Plan

Pronunciation Guide: bo-EZ (βο-έζ)

Basic Definition

Strong’s G1003: Βοές (Boez) refers to Boaz, a prominent figure in the Old Testament who exemplifies the qualities of a kinsman-redeemer through his redemption of Ruth and her family property. In the New Testament, he appears exclusively in the genealogies of Yeshua (Jesus), serving as a critical ancestral link in the Messianic line. His name in Hebrew (בֹּעַז) carries connotations of “strength,” “swiftness,” or “in him is strength.”

Etymology and Morphology

• Part of speech: Proper noun, masculine
• Origin: Hebrew name בֹּעַז (Boaz) transliterated into Greek as Βοές
• Used primarily in genealogical listings in the New Testament
• Appears in both Matthew and Luke’s genealogies of the Messiah
• Root meaning in Hebrew possibly derived from עֹז (‘oz) meaning “strength” or “might”

Βοές Morphology:

• Βοές (nominative singular) – Boaz, as the subject
• Βοέζ (accusative/genitive singular) – Boaz, as the object or possessive form

Origin & History

The name Βοές represents the Greek transliteration of the Hebrew name בֹּעַז (Boaz). In the Septuagint (LXX), the name appears as Βοος (Boos) rather than Βοές, showing slight variations in how Hebrew names were transliterated into Greek across different textual traditions. This difference between the New Testament form and the Septuagint form reflects the evolution of transliteration practices between the Hellenistic and Roman periods.

The historical Boaz lived during the period of the Judges in Israel (approximately 1100-1000 BCE), as described in the Book of Ruth. The Greek form Βοές emerged when Matthew composed his gospel, choosing to include this significant figure in the Messiah’s genealogy. The slight variation between the Septuagint’s Βοος and the New Testament’s Βοές demonstrates how names could be adapted when moving between language traditions while maintaining their essential identity.

Expanded Definitions & Translation Options

• Boaz, the wealthy landowner from Bethlehem who married Ruth
• A kinsman-redeemer who fulfilled his legal and moral obligations
• An ancestor of King David and ultimately of Yeshua the Messiah
• A man characterized by righteousness, compassion, and adherence to Torah

Βοές Translation Options:

• Boaz – The standard English transliteration, preferred in most translations
• Boez – An alternative transliteration that more closely follows the Greek form
• Booz – Follows the Vulgate Latin form (Booz), used in some older English translations
• “In him is strength” – A translation of the possible Hebrew meaning, sometimes used in explanatory notes

Biblical Usage

In the New Testament, Βοές appears exclusively in the genealogies of Yeshua the Messiah. In Matthew 1:5, he is specifically mentioned as the son of Salmon and Rahab, and as the father of Obed by Ruth. This connection is significant as it highlights the inclusion of Ruth, a Moabite woman, in the lineage of the Messiah, demonstrating יהוה (Yahweh)’s redemptive plan extending beyond Israel to encompass the nations.

The inclusion of Βοές in Yeshua’s genealogy serves multiple theological purposes. First, it establishes the legal Davidic lineage necessary for Messianic claims. Second, it creates a typological connection between Boaz as a redeemer and Yeshua as the ultimate Redeemer. Third, it highlights the theme of redemption that runs throughout Scripture, from the specific story of Ruth to the universal work of the Messiah.

• “Salmon the father of Boaz [Βοές] by Rahab, and Boaz the father of Obed by Ruth, and Obed the father of Jesse.” Matthew 1:5
• “the son of Obed, the son of Boaz [Βοές], the son of Sala, the son of Nahshon.” Luke 3:32

Cultural Insights

The significance of Βοές (Boaz) in ancient Israelite culture extends far beyond his genealogical importance. As a גֹּאֵל (go’el) or “kinsman-redeemer,” Boaz fulfilled a critical social and legal role defined in Torah. Under the Levirate marriage custom outlined in Deuteronomy 25:5-10, a near relative had responsibility to marry the widow of a deceased relative, particularly when there were no heirs, to preserve the family name and inheritance.

Boaz’s actions recorded in the Book of Ruth demonstrate this principle in practice, but with an important distinction. Since Boaz was not the nearest relative (a fact made clear in Ruth 3-4), he was not legally obligated to act as redeemer. His willingness to assume this role voluntarily, even seeking out the nearer relative to properly address the legal requirements, reveals his exemplary character and commitment to חֶסֶד (chesed) – covenant faithfulness and lovingkindness. The threshing floor scene in Ruth 3, when understood in its proper cultural context, highlights not impropriety but rather Ruth’s appeal to Boaz’s role as potential redeemer through culturally appropriate symbolic actions.

Theological Significance

Βοές (Boaz) holds profound theological significance as a type of the Messiah in his role as redeemer. Just as Boaz redeemed both Ruth (a Gentile) and Naomi’s family property, Yeshua redeems both Jew and Gentile and restores our spiritual inheritance. This typological relationship illuminates the Messianic concept of redemption in ways that transcend ethnic boundaries and point to יהוה (Yahweh)’s universal redemptive purposes.

The inclusion of Βοές in Matthew’s genealogy, specifically noting his mother was Rahab (likely the former prostitute from Jericho) and his wife was Ruth (a Moabite), demonstrates the inclusive nature of God’s redemptive plan. When we consider that Moabites were specifically excluded from the assembly of Israel to the tenth generation (Deuteronomy 23:3), Ruth’s inclusion in the lineage of the Messiah becomes even more remarkable. Through this genealogical connection, we see יהוה (Yahweh)’s sovereignty in working through unexpected people and circumstances to bring about His purposes, showing that His mercy and grace transcend the boundaries humans often establish.

Personal Application

The story of Βοές (Boaz) and his inclusion in the Messianic genealogy reminds us that יהוה (Yahweh) works through ordinary people of faith to accomplish His extraordinary purposes. Boaz was simply a man who faithfully fulfilled his responsibilities according to Torah and showed kindness beyond what was legally required. Yet through these seemingly ordinary actions, he became part of the lineage of the Messiah and an enduring example of righteousness.

When we face decisions about going beyond minimum requirements to show חֶסֶד (chesed) – covenant faithfulness and lovingkindness – to others, we can remember Boaz. His willingness to redeem Ruth and her family property when he was not legally obligated to do so reminds us that true righteousness often calls us to exceed mere obligation. In our own lives, each act of compassion, generosity, and righteousness may have far greater significance in יהוה (Yahweh)’s redemptive plan than we can possibly imagine.

Related Words

• γΌᾶ (goël, Heb. גֹּאֵל) – kinsman-redeemer; the role Boaz fulfilled for Ruth, pointing to the greater redemptive work of the Messiah. The concept of redemption ties directly to Boaz’s function in the narrative. See G3085
• λύτρωσις (lutrōsis) – redemption, release secured by payment of a ransom; conceptually related to Boaz’s redemption of Ruth and her property, though using different terminology. See G3085
• ἀγχιστεύς (anchisteus) – next of kin, nearest relative; used in the Septuagint to describe the role of the kinsman-redeemer that Boaz fulfilled. This represents the Greek legal equivalent to the Hebrew גֹּאֵל. See G4773
• χάρις (charis) – grace, favor; represents the kind disposition Boaz showed toward Ruth, which mirrors יהוה (Yahweh)’s grace toward humanity. See G5485
• ἔλεος (eleos) – mercy, compassion; reflects the quality Boaz demonstrated in his treatment of Ruth as a foreigner. See G1656

Did you Know?

• The pillars at the entrance of Solomon’s Temple were named Jachin and Boaz (1 Kings 7:21), with the latter possibly named after Solomon’s ancestor. The name Boaz given to the left pillar may have symbolized the strength and stability of יהוה (Yahweh)’s covenant with David, emphasizing the enduring nature of the Davidic line through which the Messiah would come.
• The Hebrew name בֹּעַז (Boaz) appears in modern Hebrew as a popular first name in Israel, carrying connotations of strength and nobility. The cultural memory of this righteous biblical figure continues to inspire Jewish naming traditions to this day.
• The levirate marriage custom that frames the Ruth and Boaz narrative was practiced in various forms throughout the ancient Near East, not just in Israel. Similar customs existed in Assyrian, Hittite, and Egyptian cultures, though with significant variations. The Torah’s version of this practice specifically emphasized the preservation of family name and inheritance, rather than merely ensuring offspring.

Remember This

Βοές (Boaz) stands as an eternal testimony that יהוה (Yahweh)’s redemptive plan works through ordinary people of extraordinary faith, crossing ethnic boundaries and overcoming social obstacles to bring forth the promised Messiah who would redeem all humanity.