Strong’s G5428: From G5426; understanding, practical wisdom, mental action; the faculty of discernment that leads to prudent living and right conduct. Derived from phroneo (to think, mind), it represents the ability to apply knowledge wisely in practical situations, particularly in moral and spiritual matters.

U- Unveiling the Word

φρόνησις represents a crucial concept in biblical and classical Greek thought, encompassing practical wisdom and sound judgment. Unlike sophia (theoretical wisdom), phronēsis emphasizes the practical application of knowledge in daily life and moral decision-making. In the New Testament, it particularly relates to the wisdom given by God that enables righteous living and spiritual discernment. The early church fathers emphasized phronēsis as essential for Christian leadership and discipleship, viewing it as divine wisdom manifested in practical judgment. Today, this concept remains vital for Christian ethics and decision-making, bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application of biblical principles.

N – Necessary Information

• Greek Word: φρόνησις, phronēsis, /fro’-nay-sis/
• Pronunciation Guide: froh-NEY-sis (stress on second syllable)
• Part of Speech: Noun (Feminine)

Etymology:

• Root: φρήν (phrēn) – mind, understanding
• Suffix: -σις (-sis) – forms abstract nouns denoting action or process
• Derived from verb φρονέω (phroneō) – to think, to have understanding

D – Defining Meanings

• Mental activity, practical wisdom
• Prudent judgment
• Moral insight
• Practical application of knowledge

For compound words: Not a compound word, but derived from φρονέω with the -σις suffix indicating the process or result of the action.

Translation Options:

1. Practical wisdom – Best captures the application aspect
2. Prudence – Emphasizes the judgment component
3. Understanding – Reflects the mental faculty aspect

E – Exploring Similar Words

• σοφία (sophia) /sof-ee’-ah/ – theoretical wisdom, differs in its focus on abstract knowledge G4678
• σύνεσις (synesis) /soon’-es-is/ – intelligence, comprehension G4907
• γνῶσις (gnōsis) /gno’-sis/ – knowledge, learning G1108

R – Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Noun Morphological Features:

• Case: Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative
• Number: Singular, Plural
• Gender: Feminine
• Declension: Third

The word follows third declension patterns:

• Nominative: φρόνησις
• Genitive: φρονήσεως
• Dative: φρονήσει
• Accusative: φρόνησιν

Related words:

• Verb: φρονέω (to think)
• Adjective: φρόνιμος (prudent)

S – Studying Lexicon Insights

The major lexicons provide rich insight into φρόνησις. BDAG emphasizes its practical nature as understanding that leads to right action. Thayer’s highlights its connection to moral insight and prudent living. LSJ traces its classical usage as practical wisdom distinct from theoretical knowledge. Vine’s emphasizes its role in moral discernment. Strong’s connects it to mental action and understanding. LEH links it to prudence in the Septuagint. Moulton and Milligan’s papyri evidence shows its use in everyday contexts of practical decision-making. Together, these sources paint a picture of wisdom that bridges knowledge and action, particularly in moral and spiritual matters.

T – Tracing the Scriptures

First appearance:
And he shall go before him in the spirit and power of Elias, to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the disobedient to the wisdom [φρόνησις] of the just; to make ready a people prepared for the Lord.

Additional References:
Ephesians 1:8

A – Analyzing Classical Usage

N – Noteworthy Summary

φρόνησις represents a crucial bridge between divine wisdom and practical living in the New Testament. It exemplifies how God’s truth should transform not just our knowledge but our decision-making and actions. This practical wisdom points to Jesus Christ, who perfectly embodied divine wisdom in human form. Through Him, believers receive not just theoretical knowledge but practical wisdom that leads to godly living. This concept encourages us to seek not just knowledge about God but the wisdom to live according to His will.

D – Did You Know?

1. φρόνησις was a central concept in Aristotelian ethics, considered one of the cardinal virtues
2. In the Septuagint, φρόνησις often translates Hebrew terms related to understanding and wisdom
3. Early Christian writers saw φρόνησις as essential for interpreting Scripture properly

Strong’s G5428: φρόνησις describes practical wisdom and understanding that leads to right action. It represents the mental faculty for moral discernment and prudent living, emphasizing the application of divine wisdom in daily life and spiritual matters.

Part of speech: Noun

Tags: wisdom, understanding, prudence, practical-wisdom, moral-discernment, spiritual-wisdom, biblical-greek, new-testament, christian-virtues, divine-wisdom