G3831

Unveiling the Word

The Greek word πανήγυρις (panēgyris) primarily means “a gathering” or “a festival,” particularly one that is large and significant, often associated with religious or communal celebrations. This term conveys a sense of coming together, emphasizing the collective aspect of such gatherings. In a biblical context, it reflects the joyous assembly of people for worship or festivity. The word derives from the root πᾶν (pan), meaning “all,” and ἀγυρίς (agyris), meaning “a gathering,” which indicates a gathering of all or many people. The significance of πανήγυρις extends to its cultural role in ancient Greek society, where such assemblies were crucial for community bonding and cultural expression.

Necessary Information

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Greek Word: πανήγυρις, pronounced [pa-NEE-gur-iss].

Etymology: The word is formed from πᾶν (pan), meaning “all” or “every,” and ἀγυρίς (agyris), which denotes a gathering or assembly. Thus, πανήγυρις implies a collective gathering of people for a significant purpose.

Part of Speech: πανήγυρις is a noun, specifically a feminine noun in Greek.

Defining Meanings

Meaning 1: “Assembly” – The primary meaning refers to a large gathering or assembly of people, often for a festival or religious purpose.

Meaning 2: “Festival” – It can also denote a celebration or festival, particularly one of significant cultural or religious importance.

Meaning 3: “Public Gathering” – The term may imply a more general public gathering, highlighting the communal aspect of people coming together for a shared experience.

Exploring Similar Words

ἀγυρίς (agyris) [a-GY-ris]: This term specifically means “a gathering” but does not carry the festive connotation inherent in πανήγυρις, which emphasizes the significance of the assembly.

συναγωγή (synagōgē) [sy-na-go-GAY]: This term refers to a gathering or assembly, particularly for worship, and is often used in a Jewish context. Unlike πανήγυρις, which can refer to various types of gatherings, συναγωγή specifically denotes a religious assembly.

πανδοχεῖον (pandocheion) [pan-do-KHE-i-on]: While this term refers to an inn or lodging place, it shares the prefix παν- (all), indicating a place that receives all guests, but lacks the celebratory aspect of πανήγυρις.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Case, Number, Gender: πανήγυρις is in the nominative case, singular number, and is feminine in gender.

Declension: As a feminine noun, it follows the third declension pattern in Greek, which involves specific endings for the nominative and accusative forms.

Studying Lexicon Insights

The term πανήγυρις is often associated with communal celebrations in both secular and sacred contexts. In the New Testament, particularly in Hebrews 12:23, it signifies the assembly of the firstborn, underscoring the theological implications of believers gathering in heaven. Lexicons consistently highlight the importance of these gatherings in ancient cultures, noting their role in community cohesion and cultural identity. The word is understood as a celebration of togetherness, reflecting both joy and a sense of belonging among participants.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

Hebrews 12:23: “And to the assembly (πανήγυρις) of the firstborn who are enrolled in heaven, and to God, the judge of all, and to the spirits of the righteous made perfect.”

Matthew 18:20: “For where two or three are gathered (συναγωγή) in my name, there am I among them.”

1 Corinthians 14:23: “If, therefore, the whole church (ἐκκλησία) comes together (συναγέλλω) and all speak in tongues…”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Example 1: Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War: “The assembly (πανήγυρις) was called to discuss matters of war and peace, showing the importance of public opinion in governance.”

Example 2: Xenophon, Anabasis: “The gathering (πανήγυρις) of soldiers before a campaign emphasized their unity and shared purpose.”

Example 3: Plato, Laws: “In discussing moral obligations, Plato refers to the public gathering (πανήγυρις) where citizens engage in philosophical debate.”

Septuagint Example 1: Exodus 12:16: “On the first day you shall hold a holy assembly (πανήγυρις), and on the seventh day a holy assembly (πανήγυρις).”

Septuagint Example 2: Leviticus 23:4: “These are the appointed feasts of the Lord, the holy assemblies (πανήγυρις), which you shall proclaim at the appointed times.”

Septuagint Example 3: Deuteronomy 16:8: “For six days you shall eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day there shall be a solemn assembly (πανήγυρις) to the Lord your God.”

Noteworthy Summary

The term πανήγυρις signifies an important gathering or assembly, often linked to festivals and religious observances. It represents the collective experience of joy and community among participants.

Did You Know?

1. In ancient Greek culture, public assemblies were often held to discuss important matters, reflecting democratic ideals.

2. The term is closely associated with religious festivals, highlighting the role of faith in community gatherings.

3. The concept of πανήγυρις extends beyond mere celebration to encompass a sense of identity and belonging among participants.

Strong’s G3831: πανήγυρις (panēgyris) refers to a gathering or assembly, emphasizing communal joy and significance, reflecting cultural and theological values in ancient societies.