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Unveiling the Word

Understanding Greek words is essential for biblical studies, as they often capture profound meanings that illuminate the texts. The term ὄνομα, which appears in Matthew 1:21, is particularly significant as it relates to identity, authority, and reputation in both a cultural and theological context. In the New Testament, names hold deep importance, often reflecting one’s character and destiny. For instance, in Matthew 1:21, the angel instructs Joseph to name Mary’s child Jesus, “for he will save his people from their sins.” This emphasizes the connection between names and their significance in God’s plan. Studying ὄνομα enables us to appreciate the intricate layers of meaning associated with identity in ancient Greek culture and the New Testament.

Necessary Information

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Greek Word: ὄνομα (onoma)

Pronunciation Guide: OH-nah-mah

Etymology: The word ὄνομα is derived from the verb ὀνέω (oneō), meaning “to name” or “to call.” This root connects the concept of a name with the act of naming, indicating a relationship between identity and the power inherent in names.

Part of Speech: Noun, neuter. As a neuter noun, ὄνομα refers to a concept or idea rather than a specific person or object, allowing for abstract interpretations of identity and reputation.

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Defining Meanings

Meaning 1: Name. The primary meaning of ὄνομα is a personal name or title used to identify an individual or entity. This basic definition captures the fundamental purpose of names in communication and society.

Meaning 2: Reputation or authority. In a broader sense, ὄνομα can also denote a person’s reputation or standing within a community, highlighting the connection between names and one’s character or deeds.

Meaning 3: Identity in a theological context. In the New Testament, ὄνομα is often associated with God’s name and authority, reflecting the significance of divine identity in relation to faith and salvation.

Exploring Similar Words

ἔπος (epos) : This term means “word” or “saying,” focusing on verbal expression. While ἔπος can imply spoken identity, ὄνομα emphasizes the fixed aspect of identity as captured in a name.

παράκλησις (paraklēsis) : Meaning “exhortation” or “comfort,” this word signifies support and encouragement. While not directly synonymous, it reflects the relational aspect of identity in community, contrasting with the individualistic nature of ὄνομα.

δόξα (doxa) : Meaning “glory” or “reputation,” this term conveys a sense of honor associated with a name. It is similar to ὄνομα in that it connects identity with societal perception but focuses more on the esteem one holds rather than the name itself.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Case, Number, Gender: ὄνομα is a neuter noun that can be used in various grammatical cases: nominative (ὄνομα), genitive (ὀνόματος), dative (ὀνόματι), and accusative (ὄνομα) in both singular and plural forms.

Declension: ὄνομα follows the third declension pattern for neuter nouns, which includes specific endings that indicate case and number.

Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Studying Lexicon Insights

The term ὄνομα is rich in meaning, particularly in its applications in the New Testament. In Matthew 1:21, the naming of Jesus connects his identity to his mission of salvation. The name Jesus (Ἰησοῦς) itself, derived from the Hebrew Yeshua, means “Yahweh saves,” emphasizing the theological significance of names as they relate to divine purpose.

In biblical contexts, a name carries the essence of an individual’s character and the authority with which they operate. Names in the Bible often reflect the circumstances of a person’s birth, their character, or their role within God’s plan. This notion extends to Jesus, who is not only named but whose name embodies the essence of salvation for humanity.

Theological implications of ὄνομα are profound; it conveys authority, identity, and relationship, especially when referring to the name of God. Throughout Scripture, invoking God’s name signifies invoking his presence, character, and promises, highlighting the deep interconnection between identity and divine revelation.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

Matthew 1:21: “She will bear a son, and you shall call his name [ὄνομα] Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins.”

This verse emphasizes the significance of Jesus’ name and its connection to his identity and mission.

Acts 4:12: “And there is salvation in no one else, for there is no other name [ὄνομα] under heaven given among men by which we must be saved.”

This verse highlights the authority and uniqueness of the name of Jesus in salvation.

Philippians 2:9-10: “Therefore God has highly exalted him and bestowed on him the name [ὄνομα] that is above every name.”

This underscores the supreme authority and reverence associated with Jesus’ name.

Analyzing Classical Usage

Author Name of Work English Text

Plato Phaedrus “The name [ὄνομα] holds the essence of what it represents.”

Aristotle Nicomachean Ethics “A good name [ὄνομα] is more valuable than riches.”

Herodotus Histories “The name [ὄνομα] of a man can elevate or diminish his standing in society.”

Septuagint Exodus 3:15 “God said to Moses, ‘Say this to the people of Israel: ‘I AM has sent me to you.’ This is my name [ὄνομα] forever.’”

Septuagint Isaiah 42:8 “I am the Lord; that is my name [ὄνομα]; I will not give my glory to another.”

Septuagint Psalms 20:1 “May the Lord answer you in the day of trouble! May the name [ὄνομα] of the God of Jacob protect you!”

Noteworthy Summary

The Greek word ὄνομα is significant in biblical and classical contexts, capturing themes of identity, authority, and character. Its appearance in Matthew 1:21 underscores the deep connections between a name and its meaning, particularly in relation to Jesus’ mission of salvation. By examining its meanings, morphology, and usages in Scripture, we uncover the profound implications of names within the biblical narrative and their enduring significance in understanding character and identity in both ancient and modern contexts.

Did You Know?

• The name ὄνομα appears frequently in the New Testament, often in the context of emphasizing the authority and identity of Jesus and the apostles.

• In ancient cultures, a person’s name often indicated their character or profession, making the act of naming a significant cultural practice.

• The biblical emphasis on names reflects the theological belief that God’s name embodies His essence, authority, and relational dynamics with humanity.