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Unveiling the Word

Understanding Greek words is vital in Biblical studies as they provide insights that deepen our comprehension of the text’s original meaning and context. The word ὅμως, which appears in John 12:42, is particularly significant for its function in conveying contrast and concession within a narrative. It captures the complexity of human belief and response, especially in the face of societal pressures. By exploring ὅμως, we not only enhance our understanding of New Testament interpretation but also gain valuable insights into the rhetorical strategies employed in ancient Greek culture.

Necessary Information

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Greek Word: ὅμως (homos)

Pronunciation Guide: HO-mos

Etymology: The term ὅμως is derived from the combination of the Greek words ὅ (ho), meaning “that,” and μέν (men), a particle used to indicate contrast. Together, they form a term that emphasizes opposition or concession, highlighting the intricate relationships between contrasting ideas.

Part of Speech: Adverb. As an adverb, ὅμως modifies clauses to introduce contrast or exception, helping to clarify the relationship between different statements within a sentence.

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Defining Meanings

Meaning 1: Nevertheless; yet. This primary meaning indicates that the statement following this adverb contrasts with what precedes it, introducing a concession.

Meaning 2: In spite of that; however. This usage reinforces the idea of overcoming objections or previous assertions, signaling that something remains true despite contrary circumstances.

Meaning 3: On the other hand. This expression provides a clear pivot in a discussion, presenting an alternative perspective or consideration.

Exploring Similar Words

ἀλλά (alla) : This word translates to “but” and is used to introduce a contrasting statement. While it serves a similar function to ὅμως, ἀλλά is more direct in its opposition rather than the subtle concession implied by ὅμως.

μην (men) : This particle emphasizes contrast and is often paired with conjunctions. It typically denotes a stronger form of contrast compared to ὅμως, which leans more toward subtlety.

ἄλλος (allos) : Meaning “other” or “another,” this word indicates contrast but focuses more on difference rather than concession, suggesting an alternative viewpoint.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Case, Number, Gender: As an adverb, ὅμως does not have case, number, or gender. It modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs without changing form based on gender or number.

Declension: ὅμως does not decline, as it is not a noun or adjective. It remains unchanged regardless of its grammatical context.

Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Studying Lexicon Insights

In the New Testament, particularly in John 12:42, the term ὅμως is used to express the struggle of individuals who, despite believing in Jesus, were afraid to openly acknowledge their faith due to fear of societal rejection. This highlights the complex nature of belief and the influence of external pressures on personal conviction. Theologically, ὅμως serves as a reminder of the challenges believers face in maintaining their faith in a world that often opposes it.

In classical literature, ὅμως frequently appears in rhetorical contexts, demonstrating its role in persuasive discourse. The use of this term allows speakers to acknowledge opposing viewpoints while maintaining their own stance. This reflects a broader cultural appreciation for nuanced argumentation and the ability to engage with contrasting ideas, which was highly valued in Greek rhetoric.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

John 12:42: “Nevertheless [ὅμως], many even of the authorities believed in him, but for fear of the Pharisees they did not confess it, so that they would not be put out of the synagogue.”

This verse emphasizes the tension between belief in Jesus and fear of societal repercussions.

Analyzing Classical Usage

Author Name of Work English Text

Plato The Republic “He knows that in some matters, he must agree with the majority, yet [ὅμως] hold his own opinion.”

Aristotle Nicomachean Ethics “A friend may be true; yet [ὅμως] a true friend will not always be agreeable.”

Xenophon Memorabilia “Even wise men can err; yet [ὅμως] their wisdom often guides them back.”

Septuagint Isaiah 5:20 “Woe to those who call evil good, and good evil; who put darkness for light, and light for darkness! [ὅμως]”

Septuagint Proverbs 12:10 “The righteous knows the needs of his animals, but the mercy of the wicked is cruel [ὅμως].”

Septuagint 1 Samuel 15:20 “And Saul said to Samuel, ‘I have obeyed the voice of the Lord [ὅμως].’”

Noteworthy Summary

The Greek word ὅμως is a significant term that conveys contrast and concession in both New Testament and classical literature. Found in John 12:42, it captures the internal conflict faced by believers who, despite their faith, struggled with societal pressures. By examining its meanings, morphology, and classical usages, we see how ὅμως encapsulates the complexities of human belief and social dynamics, making it an essential term for understanding both ancient Greek culture and New Testament teachings.

Did You Know?

• The term ὅμως not only signifies contrast but also serves as a rhetorical device that enhances the complexity of discourse, making it valuable in both everyday conversation and formal arguments.

• In John 12:42, ὅμως illustrates the tension between belief and societal acceptance, a theme that resonates in many contemporary discussions about faith and public life.

• Ancient Greek rhetoric often employed terms like ὅμως to create nuanced arguments, reflecting the culture’s appreciation for sophisticated debate and persuasion.