G3475

Unveiling the Word

Understanding Greek words in biblical studies is essential for grasping the deeper meanings and cultural contexts within Scripture. The word Μωϋσῆς (Mōusēs), which corresponds to Moses in English, is one of the most significant names in both the Old and New Testaments. Mentioned frequently in the Gospels, Acts, and the Epistles, Moses represents the law, leadership, and the covenant between God and Israel. In Matthew 8:4, Jesus instructs a healed man to present himself to the priests as Moses had commanded, emphasizing the continued relevance of Mosaic Law during Jesus’ ministry. Understanding this word is key to exploring Moses’ pivotal role in the narrative of salvation history and ancient Jewish culture.

Necessary Information

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Greek Word: Μωϋσῆς (Mōusēs), pronounced mo-oo-SEES.

Etymology: The name Μωϋσῆς is derived from the Hebrew name מֹשֶׁה (Mōsheh), meaning “drawn out” (as Moses was drawn out of the water in Exodus 2:10). The name reflects his unique birth story and hints at his role in drawing the Israelites out of Egypt.

Part of Speech: Proper noun. Μωϋσῆς is a masculine name referring to the historical figure Moses, the great leader of the Israelites, who delivered them from Egyptian bondage and gave them God’s Law at Mount Sinai.

The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Defining Meanings

1. Moses as a Historical Leader: In biblical contexts, Μωϋσῆς always refers to the historical figure Moses, who played a key role in the Exodus narrative and the establishment of the covenant between God and Israel.

2. Moses as a Symbol of the Law: Throughout the New Testament, Moses symbolizes the Law of God. Jesus frequently refers to the “Law of Moses,” as seen in Matthew 8:4, to highlight its authority and enduring significance.

3. Moses as a Prophet: In addition to being a lawgiver, Moses is also considered one of the greatest prophets of Israel. His close relationship with God, speaking face to face with Him, is referenced throughout the Bible.

Exploring Similar Words

1. Νόμος (nomos) [pronunciation: NO-mos]: Meaning “law,” nomos is often paired with Moses in the phrase “the law of Moses,” emphasizing Moses’ role as the mediator of God’s law to Israel.

2. Προφήτης (prophētēs) [pronunciation: pro-FAY-tes]: This word means “prophet.” Moses is often linked with the prophets in Scripture, particularly when referring to his role in guiding and instructing Israel through divine revelation.

3. Ἀρχηγός (archēgos) [pronunciation: ar-KHEE-gos]: This word means “leader” or “founder.” Moses is frequently referenced as the founder of the Israelite nation in the context of his leadership during the Exodus.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Case, Number, Gender:

• Case: Μωϋσῆς is a singular noun and appears in various cases (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative) depending on its function in a sentence.

• Number: Singular, as it refers to the individual Moses.

• Gender: Masculine.

Declension:

Case Singular

Nominative Μωϋσῆς

Genitive Μωϋσέως

Dative Μωϋσεῖ

Accusative Μωϋσῆν

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Studying Lexicon Insights

Lexicons offer a rich view of Μωϋσῆς, revealing his role as both a historic figure and a symbolic reference to the Law. In New Testament contexts, Moses is frequently referenced to discuss the Law’s authority, the transition from the Law to the gospel, and the ways in which Christ fulfills and surpasses the Law. Moses’ significance is deeply theological, emphasizing his role in mediating the covenant, delivering the Israelites from Egypt, and leading them to the Promised Land. Theological discussions often place Moses at the intersection of law and grace, with his role as a lawgiver being foundational to understanding both the Old and New Covenants.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

1. Matthew 8:4 – “And Jesus said to him, ‘See that you say nothing to anyone, but go, show yourself to the priest and offer the gift that Moses [Μωϋσῆς] commanded, for a proof to them.’”

2. Luke 16:29 – “But Abraham said, ‘They have Moses [Μωϋσῆς] and the Prophets; let them hear them.’”

3. John 1:17 – “For the law was given through Moses [Μωϋσῆς]; grace and truth came through Jesus Christ.”

Analyzing Classical Usage

Author Name of Work Greek Usage in Text

Philo Life of Moses “Moses [Μωϋσῆς] was the greatest lawgiver and prophet among the Israelites.”

Septuagint Exodus 2:10 “And she called him Moses [Μωϋσῆς], because she said, ‘I drew him out of the water.’”

Josephus Antiquities “Moses [Μωϋσῆς] led the Israelites through the wilderness for forty years.”

Noteworthy Summary

Μωϋσῆς (Mōusēs) is not only a prominent figure in the Old Testament but also in New Testament discussions regarding the Law and prophecy. His significance lies in his dual role as a prophet and lawgiver, making him foundational to understanding God’s covenant with Israel. In Matthew 8:4, Jesus references Moses to reaffirm the importance of obeying the law, even as He introduces the new covenant of grace.

Did You Know?

1. Moses is mentioned 80 times in the New Testament, emphasizing his ongoing significance in the context of the new covenant.

2. The name Moses (Mōusēs) means “drawn out,” symbolizing both his rescue from the Nile and his role in leading Israel out of Egypt.

3. Philo of Alexandria wrote an entire treatise on Moses, further elevating his role as the archetype of a virtuous leader and lawgiver.