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Unveiling the Word

Understanding Greek words in biblical studies is essential for deepening our comprehension of Scripture and its cultural context. The Greek word κτῆμα (ktēma), which appears in Matthew 19:22, provides insight into the New Testament’s discourse on material wealth, possessions, and their implications for a follower of Christ. Beyond the biblical text, κτῆμα holds relevance in the context of ancient Greek culture, particularly concerning property ownership and societal values related to wealth.

Necessary Information

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Greek Word: κτῆμα (ktēma) [KTAY-mah]

Etymology: The word κτῆμα derives from the Greek verb κτάομαι (ktaomai), which means “to acquire” or “to possess.” The root relates to ownership, emphasizing something that has been obtained and is kept as a possession.

Part of Speech: Noun. κτῆμα is a neuter noun, typically used in the singular or plural form. It belongs to the third declension class of Greek nouns, which involves specific patterns for cases and endings.

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Defining Meanings

Meaning 1: A Possession or Property
The primary meaning of κτῆμα is “a possession” or “property.” This usage typically refers to tangible assets, such as land, houses, or other valuable items that one owns.

Meaning 2: An Acquired Asset
κτῆμα can also denote something that has been acquired, highlighting the act of obtaining or earning a valuable possession. This reflects not just ownership but also the process and effort involved in acquiring it.

Exploring Similar Words

ἔργον (ergon) [ER-gon]: Meaning “work” or “deed,” ἔργον differs from κτῆμα as it emphasizes actions or results of labor rather than the possession of physical assets.

κτήσις (ktēsis) [KTAY-sis]: This term means “acquisition” or “purchase” and is closely related to κτῆμα. However, κτήσις focuses more on the process of acquiring something rather than the object acquired.

οἰκία (oikia) [oy-KEE-ah]: Meaning “house” or “household,” οἰκία refers to the dwelling place itself, which can be a κτῆμα (possession), but it carries additional connotations related to family and domestic life.

Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Case, Number, Gender: κτῆμα is a neuter noun. It is typically used in the nominative, genitive, dative, and accusative cases, both in singular and plural forms, depending on its grammatical function in the sentence.

For a deeper understanding of Greek grammar, Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Studying Lexicon Insights

In the New Testament context, κτῆμα often signifies more than just physical property; it touches on deeper themes of wealth, attachment, and spiritual priorities. In Matthew 19:22, the word is used in the story of the rich young ruler, where his great possessions (κτήματα) become a stumbling block to following Jesus fully. The term captures the tension between earthly wealth and spiritual dedication. In classical literature, κτῆμα is frequently used to discuss land ownership and the political and economic implications of property rights. It is a word that bridges material and ethical discussions, making it an important concept in both biblical and secular Greek writings.

This overview synthesizes insights from BDAG, Thayer’s, LSJ, Vine’s, Strong’s, LEH, and Moulton and Milligan.

Tracing Related Scriptures

Matthew 19:22: “But when the young man heard this statement, he went away grieving; for he was one who owned much property (κτήματα).” Here, κτήματα reflects his substantial possessions, which hold him back from following Jesus.

Mark 10:22: This parallel verse similarly highlights the use of κτῆμα to discuss the challenges of wealth and discipleship.

Analyzing Classical Usage

Noteworthy Summary

The word κτῆμα (ktēma) in Greek holds deep implications in both New Testament teachings and classical literature. It serves as a key term for understanding discussions on wealth, possessions, and ethical considerations about ownership in ancient contexts. In biblical narratives, it often reflects the spiritual cost of material attachment, while in classical writings, it signifies economic and social power.

Did You Know?

• Did you know? The word κτῆμα is the root of the modern term “acquisitive,” highlighting the act of obtaining or owning.
• Did you know? Ancient Greek city-states, like Athens, used κτῆμα to refer to both public and private land holdings, indicating its importance in political discourse.
• Did you know? The story of the rich young ruler, where κτῆμα is used, is often cited in discussions about the Christian view on wealth and stewardship.