Introduction

In Biblical studies, understanding Greek words like κακία (kakia) is crucial for a deeper grasp of Scripture’s intended meaning. This word, often translated as “malice” or “wickedness,” is particularly significant for interpreting passages related to human behavior and morality. It is frequently used in the New Testament to describe negative moral qualities that contrast with the virtues of Christian living. Additionally, it provides insight into ancient Greek culture’s understanding of ethical conduct and vices.

Key Information

• The Greek Word: κακία, transliterated as kakia, pronounced [ka-KEE-ah].
• Etymology: Derived from the root word κακός (kakos), meaning “bad,” “evil,” or “wicked.”
• Part of Speech: Noun (feminine); it is used primarily in the singular form but can appear in plural contexts when referring to multiple instances of wickedness or malice.
• The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon.

Primary Meanings

• Malice: A desire to harm others or wish them ill.
• Wickedness: General moral evil or wicked behavior.
• Depravity: The inherent corruption of character and conduct.
• Ill-will: A disposition towards malevolent thoughts and actions.

Similar Words: πονηρία (ponēria) [po-NAY-ree-ah] is another Greek word for “wickedness,” but it often emphasizes evil deeds and actions, whereas κακία focuses more on the internal disposition and intent of malice. κακός (kakos) [ka-KOS] refers broadly to something “bad” or “evil” in quality or nature, whereas κακία specifies an ingrained state of moral corruption.

Further Insights: κακία is a first declension feminine noun in Greek, which means its endings change according to its grammatical function in a sentence. Understanding its declension is crucial for accurate interpretation in both Biblical and secular texts. Below is the declension table for κακία:

Click here for a beginners guide to reading Greek.

Lexicon Insights

• BDAG: Defines κακία as “malice,” “ill-will,” or “wickedness,” emphasizing a moral deficiency within individuals. It notes its frequent use in ethical discourses in the New Testament, such as in the Pauline epistles.
• Thayers: Highlights κακία as a moral evil and depravity, emphasizing its role in ethical warnings against malicious conduct.
• Vines: Discusses κακία in terms of moral evil and relates it to various forms of wickedness expressed through both thought and action.
• LSJ: Notes its usage in broader Greek literature, ranging from philosophical texts to poetry, where it often signifies “wickedness” or “viciousness” in both public and private life.
• Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance: Identifies κακία as “malice” or “evil,” underscoring its association with internal moral corruption and its manifestation in harmful behavior.

Related Scripture References

• 1 Corinthians 5:8: “Let us therefore celebrate the festival, not with the old leaven, the leaven of malice [κακίας] and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth.”
• Ephesians 4:31: “Let all bitterness and wrath and anger and clamor and slander be put away from you, along with all malice [κακία].”
• James 1:21: “Therefore, putting aside all filthiness and all that remains of wickedness [κακίας], in humility receive the word implanted, which is able to save your souls.”

Classical Usage

Summary of κακία (G2549)

The Greek word κακία (kakia) is a powerful term denoting “malice,” “wickedness,” or “evil intent.” Found throughout the New Testament, it reflects a deep moral corruption or ill-will toward others. This noun’s use is significant in both ethical teachings and warnings against behaviors that run contrary to Christian virtues. The word also appears in classical Greek literature, underscoring the consistency of its moral connotations across different contexts.

Did You Know?

• κακία appears frequently in early Christian writings as a warning against internal attitudes that lead to harmful actions.
• The root word κακός has broad applications in Greek, but κακία specifically addresses the moral aspect of evil.
• In classical philosophy, κακία is often contrasted with virtues like ἀρετή (aretē), meaning “virtue” or “excellence.”