Introduction

Understanding Greek words in biblical studies is crucial for gaining a deeper insight into the meanings and nuances present in the original texts. Greek numerals, like ἑκατόν (hekaton), meaning “one hundred,” are more than just numbers; they carry cultural, symbolic, and sometimes theological significance. The word ἑκατόν is often encountered in both the Old and New Testaments and plays a significant role in various parables and teachings of Jesus. Its relevance extends beyond mere counting, reflecting completeness, fullness, or the idea of a large, complete set, making it particularly significant for both biblical interpretation and understanding ancient Greek culture.

Key Information

• Greek Word: ἑκατόν (hekaton) [heh-KAH-ton]
• Etymology: The word ἑκατόν is derived from Proto-Indo-European roots, connected to the words for “hundred” across various Indo-European languages, such as Latin centum and Sanskrit śata.
• Part of Speech: Numeral (noun)
• The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon

Primary Meanings

• One hundred: A cardinal number, used to denote the quantity of one hundred.
• Large quantity: In a figurative sense, it can imply a large, complete, or significant amount in various contexts.

Similar Words:

• δεκα (deka): Meaning “ten,” this word is similar in its function as a numeral but represents a much smaller quantity. While both words are numerals, δεκα emphasizes a smaller, often more manageable quantity, whereas ἑκατόν reflects a larger, more substantial number.
• μυριάς (myrias): Meaning “ten thousand,” μυριάς is used to describe an even larger number than ἑκατόν, often representing an innumerable or vast quantity. The difference lies in the scale, with ἑκατόν being more common and less hyperbolic in use.

Further Insights:

• Morphology:
• ἑκατόν is a numeral that remains unchanged in form, regardless of gender, number, or case. It is used as an indeclinable noun in Greek, making it straightforward in its grammatical function. Its simplicity in form allows for easy integration into various syntactical structures in both classical and Koine Greek.

Lexicon Insights

BDAG:
The BDAG lexicon notes that ἑκατόν is primarily used to denote the exact number “one hundred,” with various contexts where it represents completeness or a large number within a set or group.

Thayer’s:
Thayer’s lexicon highlights the frequent use of ἑκατόν in the New Testament, particularly in parables, to symbolize a large, complete group or set, often with spiritual implications of completeness or totality.

Vine’s:
Vine’s Expository Dictionary discusses the use of ἑκατόν in both literal and figurative senses, emphasizing its role in conveying the idea of fullness or completeness in a group, often in teachings of Jesus that involve parables or symbolic language.

LSJ (Liddell-Scott-Jones):
LSJ provides examples from classical literature where ἑκατόν is used both in its literal sense of “one hundred” and in contexts implying a large quantity, often in military or political descriptions, reflecting its broader cultural significance.

Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance:
Strong’s Concordance lists ἑκατόν as an indeclinable numeral frequently used in the New Testament, particularly in passages that involve counting or descriptions of large groups, such as the “hundred sheep” in the parable of the lost sheep.

Scripture References:

• Matthew 18:12: “What do you think? If a man has a hundred (ἑκατόν) sheep, and one of them has gone astray, does he not leave the ninety-nine on the mountains and go in search of the one that went astray?”
• Luke 15:7: “Just so, I tell you, there will be more joy in heaven over one sinner who repents than over ninety-nine (ἑκατόν) righteous persons who need no repentance.”

Classical Usage

Summary of ἑκατόν (G1540: hekaton)

The Greek numeral ἑκατόν (hekaton) is more than just a number; it carries cultural and symbolic significance in both biblical and classical texts. It is primarily used to denote the exact number “one hundred” but also appears in figurative contexts to represent completeness or a large, significant quantity. Its use in the New Testament, particularly in parables and teachings of Jesus, highlights its importance in conveying spiritual truths about fullness and completeness. Understanding ἑκατόν allows for a richer interpretation of passages where large numbers play a symbolic role, reflecting the broader cultural understanding of quantity and completeness in the ancient world.

Did You Know?

The word ἑκατόν has connections across many Indo-European languages, reflecting a shared cultural emphasis on the number one hundred. In ancient Greek society, a group of one hundred was often seen as a complete or significant set, whether in the context of military units, political divisions, or economic measures. This cultural perspective on the number informs its use in both everyday language and in more symbolic or spiritual contexts within the biblical texts.