Introduction:

In the study of Biblical Greek, understanding conjunctions like εἰ (ei) is crucial for interpreting the New Testament accurately. Conjunctions, though small, play a significant role in shaping the meaning of sentences and the flow of arguments. The word εἰ, often translated as “if,” is particularly important in conditional statements, where it introduces hypothetical scenarios or conditions that affect the interpretation of the surrounding text. Mastery of this conjunction is essential for both scholars and students aiming to understand the nuances of New Testament Greek and its impact on theological concepts.

Key Information:

• Greek Word: εἰ (ei) [EH-ee]
• Etymology: The word εἰ does not derive from any other root but is a fundamental particle used extensively in Greek to introduce conditional clauses.
• Part of Speech: Conjunction (introducing conditional clauses)
• The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon

Primary Meanings:

• If
• Whether

Similar Words:

• ἐάν (eán) [eh-AN]: Also means “if,” but with a stronger sense of possibility or contingency, often used in conditional sentences that are more uncertain or open-ended.
• ὅταν (hótan) [HO-tan]: A conjunction meaning “whenever” or “when,” used to introduce clauses that are conditional but more temporal in nature.

Further Insights:

• Morphology:
• εἰ is an indeclinable particle, meaning it does not change form regardless of its use in a sentence.
• It is typically used to introduce the protasis, or the “if” clause, in conditional sentences. The resulting sentence often has significant theological implications, especially in understanding the conditions set forth by Jesus or the apostles in their teachings.

Lexicon Insights:

BDAG:
The BDAG lexicon defines εἰ as a conjunction used to introduce a conditional clause, often translating to “if.” It notes that εἰ can also be used in indirect questions, equivalent to “whether” in English. This simple conjunction plays a vital role in Greek syntax, particularly in constructing logical arguments or hypothetical scenarios.

Thayer’s:
Thayer’s lexicon emphasizes the use of εἰ in conditional statements, pointing out that its presence signals the introduction of a hypothetical or potential scenario. The lexicon also notes that εἰ is foundational for understanding the logic of many New Testament teachings, particularly in the epistles where Paul often employs complex conditional sentences.

Vine’s:
Vine’s Expository Dictionary notes that εἰ is used frequently in the New Testament to introduce conditions that are assumed to be true for the sake of argument. It is crucial in theological discussions where the condition posed by εἰ leads to an important conclusion or doctrinal point.

LSJ (Liddell-Scott-Jones):
The LSJ lexicon traces the use of εἰ in classical Greek, where it functioned similarly to its New Testament use, introducing conditional statements and hypothetical questions. The lexicon highlights its role in both literature and philosophical discourse, where conditions and their outcomes were central to argumentation.

Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance:
Strong’s Concordance lists εἰ as a simple conditional particle meaning “if” or “whether.” It is recognized as a key word for understanding the logic of conditional statements in the New Testament, where it often sets the stage for significant theological points or moral teachings.

Scripture References:

• Matthew 4:3: “And the tempter came and said to him, ‘If (εἰ) you are the Son of God, command these stones to become loaves of bread.'”
• John 14:15: “If (εἰ) you love me, you will keep my commandments.”
• Romans 8:9: “You, however, are not in the flesh but in the Spirit, if (εἰ) in fact the Spirit of God dwells in you.”

Classical Usage:

Summary of εἰ (G1487: ei)

The Greek conjunction εἰ (ei) is a fundamental particle in the New Testament, used to introduce conditional clauses. It often translates to “if” in English, setting the stage for hypothetical scenarios or conditions that have significant implications for the interpretation of the text. Understanding εἰ is crucial for analyzing the logic and flow of arguments in the New Testament, especially in passages that discuss conditions for salvation, obedience, and divine promises. The use of εἰ is not unique to the New Testament but is rooted in classical Greek, where it served a similar function in literature and philosophical discourse.

Did You Know?

The conjunction εἰ (ei) is often paired with other particles like ἄν (an) to create different types of conditional sentences in Greek. These combinations can express varying degrees of probability or uncertainty, allowing for a rich and nuanced expression of conditions in both classical and New Testament Greek. This level of precision in language underscores the importance of careful translation and interpretation in Biblical studies.