Introduction:

Understanding Greek words in Biblical studies is crucial for gaining deeper insights into the text and its intended meanings. The Greek word ἐγκράτεια (Strong’s G1466: enkráteia) is particularly significant as it embodies a concept central to Christian ethics and spirituality: self-control. This term, which appears in various New Testament passages, plays a critical role in understanding the virtues expected of believers and the broader moral framework within which early Christians were expected to operate. By exploring the meaning and usage of ἐγκράτεια, we can better appreciate the importance of self-discipline in the Christian life, as well as its relevance in ancient Greek culture.

Key Information:

• Greek Word: ἐγκράτεια (enkráteia) [eng-krat’-i-ah]
• Etymology: Derived from the root word ἐγκρατής (enkratḗs), meaning “strong, robust,” which itself comes from ἐν (en, “in”) and κράτος (kratos, “strength, power”). Thus, ἐγκράτεια literally means “inner strength” or “self-control.”
• Part of Speech: Noun (Feminine)
• The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon

Primary Meanings:

• Self-Control: The primary meaning of ἐγκράτεια is self-control, particularly in reference to one’s emotions, desires, and actions. It denotes the ability to govern oneself and exercise restraint in various aspects of life.
• Temperance: It can also mean temperance or moderation, especially in the context of abstaining from excesses or indulgence.

Similar Words:

• σωφροσύνη (sōphrosýnē) [so-fro-soo’-nay]: This word also conveys the idea of self-control, but with a focus on soundness of mind and rationality. While σωφροσύνη emphasizes mental discipline, ἐγκράτεια highlights the broader ability to control physical and emotional impulses.
• καρτερία (kartería) [kar-ter-ee’-ah]: Meaning endurance or perseverance, this word is related to self-control but emphasizes the strength to endure hardships or challenges rather than the restraint of desires.

Further Insights:

• Morphological Insights:
• ἐγκράτεια is a feminine noun that follows the first declension pattern in Greek. Its structure is reflective of its meaning, combining the elements of power (κράτος) and inwardness (ἐν) to emphasize the concept of inner strength or control.
• The term is often associated with virtues and ethical behavior in both secular Greek and Biblical contexts, underscoring its importance in moral philosophy and Christian doctrine.

Lexicon Insights:

BDAG: ἐγκράτεια is defined as “self-control” or “restraint,” particularly in contexts where personal discipline is required, whether in the face of temptation or in the practice of virtuous living. The lexicon notes its usage in lists of virtues in the New Testament, emphasizing its role in the ethical teachings of early Christianity.

Thayer’s: Thayer’s lexicon describes ἐγκράτεια as “self-control” or “temperance,” with a focus on the ability to master one’s desires and impulses. It highlights the term’s significance in both ethical and spiritual contexts, where it is often associated with the fruit of the Spirit.

Vine’s: ἐγκράτεια is noted as a noun denoting “self-control,” particularly in relation to the Christian life. Vine’s emphasizes its importance as a fruit of the Spirit, indicating that self-control is not merely a human virtue but a product of spiritual growth.

LSJ: In classical Greek, ἐγκράτεια is recognized as a term used to describe self-mastery and discipline, particularly in philosophical contexts. The lexicon notes its broader application in discussions of ethics and personal virtue in ancient Greek literature.

Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance: ἐγκράτεια is listed as “self-control” or “temperance,” highlighting its Biblical usage in contexts where restraint and moderation are necessary for living a godly life.

Scripture References:

• Galatians 5:23: “Meekness, temperance (ἐγκράτεια): against such there is no law.”
• 2 Peter 1:6: “And to knowledge temperance (ἐγκράτεια); and to temperance patience; and to patience godliness.”

Classical Usage:

Summary of ἐγκράτεια (G1466: enkráteia):

The noun ἐγκράτεια (G1466: enkráteia) embodies the concept of self-control or temperance, essential qualities in both personal ethics and Christian spirituality. This term, deeply rooted in ancient Greek philosophy, was adopted by early Christian writers to describe the virtue of mastering one’s desires and impulses. In the New Testament, ἐγκράτεια is presented as a fruit of the Spirit, indicating that self-control is not just a human achievement but a sign of spiritual maturity and growth. By understanding ἐγκράτεια, we gain insight into the moral expectations placed on believers in the early Church and the broader cultural context of self-discipline and virtue in the ancient world.

Did You Know?

Did You Know? The concept of ἐγκράτεια was highly valued in both Greek philosophy and Christian teachings, but it was interpreted differently. While the Greeks saw self-control as a means to achieve personal virtue and harmony, early Christians viewed it as a manifestation of the Holy Spirit’s work in a believer’s life. This dual heritage reflects the blend of cultural and spiritual influences that shaped early Christian thought, making ἐγκράτεια a uniquely rich and multifaceted term.