Introduction

Understanding the Greek word δύναμις (dýnamis) is essential for anyone studying the New Testament or exploring the nuances of ancient Greek culture. This term is rich with meaning, often translated as “power,” “strength,” or “ability” in English. It appears frequently in the New Testament, particularly in contexts that discuss the power of God, the empowerment of believers, and the miraculous works performed through divine intervention. Exploring δύναμις not only enhances our understanding of key biblical passages but also provides insight into the ancient Greek worldview, where power and ability were central themes in both religious and philosophical thought.

Key Information:

• Greek Word: δύναμις (dýnamis) [DOO-nah-mis]
• Etymology: Derived from the root word δύναμαι (dýnamai), meaning “to be able” or “to have power.”
• Part of Speech: Noun (feminine, third declension)
• The F.O.G Word Choice: Coming Soon

Primary Meanings:

• Power, Ability, Strength: Refers to divine power or the ability given by God.
• Miraculous Power, Might: Describes the miraculous power of God in the New Testament.
• Moral Power, Influence: Refers to moral strength or spiritual authority.

The word δύναμις is closely related to other Greek terms that express power or ability, such as ἰσχύς (ischýs), which often denotes physical strength, and ἐξουσία (exousía), which refers to authority or the power to act.

Further Insights:

• Morphology: The word belongs to the third declension of Greek nouns. Here is the full declension:

This declension pattern is characteristic of many feminine Greek nouns and is important to understand when translating or interpreting ancient texts.

Lexicon Insights:

• BDAG: Primarily identifies δύναμις as “power” or “ability,” especially in the context of God’s omnipotence.
• Thayer’s Lexicon: Describes δύναμις as not only physical power but also moral and spiritual strength. It emphasizes the word’s use in the New Testament to signify the power of the Holy Spirit.
• Vine’s Expository Dictionary: Highlights δύναμις in contexts of supernatural power, particularly in miracles and spiritual gifts.

Scripture References:

• Matthew 22:29: “Jesus answered and said to them, ‘You are mistaken, not understanding the Scriptures nor the power of God (δύναμις).'”
• Acts 1:8: “But you will receive power (δύναμις) when the Holy Spirit has come upon you; and you shall be My witnesses both in Jerusalem…”
• 1 Corinthians 2:4: “My message and my preaching were not with wise and persuasive words, but with a demonstration of the Spirit’s power (δύναμις)…”

Classical Usage:

• Homer’s Iliad: The word δύναμις is used to describe the strength of warriors, emphasizing their physical prowess in battle.
• Plato’s Republic: Discusses δύναμις in the context of moral and intellectual abilities, often in discussions about justice and the ideal state.
• Herodotus’ Histories: Uses δύναμις to refer to the might of nations and the power of kings, reflecting the broader societal and political applications of the term.

Summary of δύναμις (G1411: dýnamis)

δύναμις is a multifaceted term that plays a crucial role in both biblical and classical Greek contexts. It encompasses ideas of power, strength, and ability, whether in a physical, moral, or spiritual sense. Understanding this word deepens our comprehension of key New Testament passages and offers insight into how power was perceived and valued in ancient Greek culture.

Did You Know?

Did you know that the word δύναμις is the root of the English word “dynamite”? This connection underscores the explosive power that the term conveys, both literally and metaphorically.