Transliteration: diairéō (pronounced dee-eye-REH-oh)
Part of Speech: Verb

The Greek word διαιρέω (diairéō) is a verb that primarily means “to divide,” “to separate,” or “to distribute.” It derives from the root word αἱρέω (hairéō), which means “to take” or “to choose,” with the prefix δι- (di-), meaning “through” or “across.” The combination of these roots gives the sense of taking or separating through division. The verb diairéō is used to describe the act of dividing something into parts, separating different elements, or distributing items among a group. It can also convey the idea of discerning or distinguishing between different options or categories.

Scripture References

1. Luke 12:13 (ESV): “Someone in the crowd said to him, ‘Teacher, tell my brother to divide (diairéō) the inheritance with me.'” In this verse, diairéō is used in the context of dividing an inheritance between brothers, emphasizing the act of separating or allocating portions of property.
2. Hebrews 7:2 (ESV): “And to him Abraham apportioned a tenth part of everything. He is first, by translation of his name, king of righteousness, and then he is also king of Salem, that is, king of peace.” Here, diairéō is implied in the action of apportioning or distributing a part of Abraham’s wealth, although the specific verb is not directly mentioned in this translation. The concept of dividing or separating a portion is central to the meaning.
3. Acts 2:45 (ESV): “And they were selling their possessions and belongings and distributing (diairéō) the proceeds to all, as any had need.” In this passage, diairéō describes the early Christian practice of distributing resources among the community, ensuring that everyone’s needs were met through a process of sharing and allocation.

Detailed Lexicon Description

BDAG (Bauer-Danker-Arndt-Gingrich) defines diairéō as a verb that means to divide, separate, or distribute. The lexicon emphasizes its use in contexts where physical or conceptual separation is involved, whether dividing land, distributing wealth, or distinguishing between different groups or categories. BDAG also notes that diairéō can carry the connotation of discerning or distinguishing between different options or choices, often with a sense of careful judgment.

Thayer’s Greek Lexicon highlights that diairéō is frequently used in contexts of dividing physical objects or property, such as land or possessions, as well as in more abstract contexts of distinguishing between different ideas or principles. Thayer’s also points out that the verb can imply a sense of fairness or justice in the process of division, particularly in legal or ethical contexts.

Vines Expository Dictionary discusses diairéō in terms of its usage in both secular and religious contexts. Vines emphasizes that the term is often associated with the fair distribution of resources or responsibilities, as well as the careful discernment required to separate or categorize different elements within a complex situation.

Usage in Classical Greek Literature

1. Plato, Theaetetus 185b: Plato uses diairéō in the context of philosophical analysis, where dividing and categorizing different forms of knowledge or ideas is essential for understanding complex concepts.
2. Aristotle, Politics 1253b: Aristotle employs diairéō to describe the division of labor within a society, emphasizing the importance of separating different roles and responsibilities to achieve an efficient and just political system.
3. Herodotus, Histories 3.142: Herodotus uses diairéō to describe the division of an empire or territory, illustrating the term’s application in historical and geopolitical contexts.

Summary

The verb διαιρέω (G1244: diairéō) is a multifaceted Greek term that primarily means “to divide,” “to separate,” or “to distribute.” It stems from the combination of αἱρέω (to take or choose) and the prefix δι- (through or across), giving it a broad range of applications. In the New Testament, diairéō is used to describe actions such as dividing inheritances, distributing resources, and distinguishing between different entities. Lexicons such as BDAG, Thayer’s, and Vines highlight the term’s connotations of fairness, justice, and careful discernment, making it a key concept in both secular and religious contexts. In classical Greek literature, diairéō appears in philosophical, political, and historical texts, where it is used to describe processes of analysis, governance, and territorial division. Overall, diairéō is a versatile verb that plays an important role in discussions of division, distribution, and discernment, both in ancient Greek literature and in the New Testament.