Transliteration and Meaning:
The Greek word Γαλατία (transliterated as Galatia and pronounced gah-lah-TEE-ah) refers to a region in central Asia Minor, which is modern-day Turkey. The name derives from the Gauls (or Celts) who settled in the area during the 3rd century BC, and it was known in antiquity as a region inhabited by these people. The primary meaning of the word Galatia in the New Testament is geographical, denoting the territory or province where the Galatian people lived.

Lexical Insights and Biblical Usage:
Galatia is used in the New Testament to refer to the region where the Apostle Paul established several churches. The word appears multiple times, particularly in Paul’s letters, where he addresses the believers in the region. Notable references include:

• Galatians 1:2: “And all the brothers who are with me, to the churches of Galatia.”
• 1 Corinthians 16:1: “Now concerning the collection for the saints: as I directed the churches of Galatia, so you also are to do.”

BDAG (Bauer, Danker, Arndt, and Gingrich) notes that Galatia is used to refer to both the ethnic region inhabited by the Gauls and the Roman province established later, which included parts of Phrygia and Lycaonia. Thayer’s Greek Lexicon also emphasizes this dual usage, pointing out that in the New Testament context, it often refers to the Roman province rather than the purely ethnic region. Vines and LSJ concur with this understanding, agreeing that Galatia is both a geographical and political term in the New Testament.

Classical Greek Usage:
In classical Greek literature, Galatia is frequently mentioned in the context of the history and movements of the Galatians, a Celtic people who settled in Asia Minor. Three notable examples include:

1. Polybius’ “Histories”: Polybius writes extensively about the Galatians, describing their interactions with the Hellenistic kingdoms and their eventual settlement in what became known as Galatia.
2. Strabo’s “Geography”: Strabo provides a detailed account of the geography of Galatia, describing its boundaries, cities, and the characteristics of the Galatian people.
3. Diodorus Siculus’ “Library of History”: Diodorus recounts the migration of the Gauls into Asia Minor and the subsequent establishment of Galatia as a significant region in the area.

These references highlight the importance of Galatia as both a geographical region and a cultural hub in ancient Asia Minor.

Summary:
The word Γαλατία (Galatia) refers to a significant region in central Asia Minor, historically inhabited by the Galatians, a Celtic people who migrated from Europe. In the New Testament, Galatia is primarily used to refer to the Roman province where Paul established churches and addressed his Epistle to the Galatians. The term is well-attested in classical Greek literature, where it is used to describe the geographical and cultural characteristics of the region. Understanding the dual significance of Galatia as both an ethnic and political term provides valuable insight into its usage in the New Testament and the broader context of the ancient world.