Transliteration and Meaning:
The Greek word γάλα (transliterated as gala and pronounced GA-lah) primarily means “milk.” In ancient Greek, this word referred to the milk of animals, particularly sheep, goats, and cows, which were common sources of milk in the Mediterranean region. The word gala is directly derived from the Proto-Indo-European root galact- or gala, meaning “milk.” This root has given rise to related terms in various languages, such as the English “galaxy,” which originally referred to the Milky Way—literally, the “milky circle” in the night sky.

Lexical Insights and Biblical Usage:
In the New Testament, gala appears figuratively as well as literally. The word is used to describe both physical milk and spiritual nourishment, particularly in the context of early Christian teachings. The most notable uses include:

• 1 Corinthians 3:2: “I fed you with milk, not solid food, for you were not yet ready for it. Indeed, you are still not ready.” Here, Paul uses gala metaphorically to describe the basic teachings of Christianity, suited for new believers who are not yet ready for deeper spiritual truths.
• Hebrews 5:12-13: “For though by this time you ought to be teachers, you need someone to teach you again the basic principles of the oracles of God. You need milk, not solid food; for everyone who lives on milk is unskilled in the word of righteousness, since he is a child.” In this passage, gala symbolizes the elementary doctrines of the faith, contrasting with more advanced teachings.

BDAG (Bauer, Danker, Arndt, and Gingrich) notes that gala is often used metaphorically in the New Testament to indicate spiritual immaturity, where “milk” represents the foundational teachings that are appropriate for new believers. Thayer’s Greek Lexicon and other sources confirm this interpretation, emphasizing the use of gala in Christian writings to distinguish between basic and advanced instruction.

Classical Greek Usage:
In classical Greek literature, gala was commonly used to refer to milk, both in a literal and figurative sense. Three examples include:

1. Homer’s “Odyssey”: In this epic, the word gala is used to describe the milk provided by the animals of the Cyclops Polyphemus, reflecting the importance of milk as a dietary staple in ancient Greek culture.
2. Hesiod’s “Works and Days”: The word appears in the context of agriculture and animal husbandry, illustrating the significance of milk production in rural Greek life.
3. Plato’s “Symposium”: In a more metaphorical use, Plato refers to the nourishment of the soul, akin to how milk nourishes the body, drawing a parallel between physical and intellectual sustenance.

These examples demonstrate the versatility of gala in ancient Greek literature, where it could describe both the literal substance and its figurative applications.

Summary:
The Greek word γάλα (gala), meaning “milk,” is used in the New Testament to describe both literal milk and, more importantly, spiritual nourishment for new believers. In early Christian writings, gala often symbolizes the elementary teachings of the faith, necessary for those who are not yet ready for deeper spiritual truths. This use of gala aligns with its broader application in classical Greek literature, where the word appears in contexts ranging from everyday life to metaphorical discussions of sustenance and growth. The word’s consistent use across these different domains underscores its significance in both physical and spiritual contexts, making it a powerful symbol in the early Christian church.