Transliteration and Meaning:
The Greek word Γάζα (transliterated as Gaza and pronounced GAH-zah) refers to the ancient Philistine city located on the Mediterranean coast, now part of modern-day Gaza Strip. The name Gaza is of Semitic origin, likely derived from a root word meaning “strong” or “fortified,” emphasizing the city’s historical significance as a strategic fortress and key trade hub in the region.

Lexical Insights and Biblical Usage:
In BDAG (Bauer, Danker, Arndt, and Gingrich), Gaza is identified as one of the five major cities of the Philistines, known for its strategic importance in ancient Near Eastern geopolitics. Thayer’s Greek Lexicon supports this understanding, describing Gaza as a fortified city and a crucial point of control for various empires, including the Egyptians, Philistines, and later the Romans.

The name Gaza appears in the New Testament, specifically in Acts 8:26, where it is mentioned in the context of Philip’s encounter with the Ethiopian eunuch: “Now an angel of the Lord said to Philip, ‘Rise and go toward the south to the road that goes down from Jerusalem to Gaza.’ This is a desert place.” This verse underscores Gaza’s location as a significant junction on the road between Jerusalem and Egypt, highlighting its role in facilitating travel and trade in the ancient world.

The mention of Gaza in the Bible often carries with it connotations of conflict and conquest, as the city was frequently a focal point in the power struggles between Israel and the Philistines. The city’s long history of military and economic importance is reflected in its biblical and extra-biblical references.

Classical Greek Usage:
In classical Greek literature, Gaza is mentioned by historians such as Herodotus, who describes the city as a major stop on the caravan route from Arabia to the Mediterranean. The city’s strategic position made it a vital part of the trade networks that connected the Arabian Peninsula with the Mediterranean world.

For example, in Herodotus’ Histories (3.5), he references Gaza in his description of Cambyses II’s campaign against Egypt, highlighting the city’s role as a gateway to the Nile Delta. Similarly, the Greek geographer Strabo also mentions Gaza in his Geography (16.2.30), noting its significance as a border city between Egypt and the lands of the Levant.

Summary:
Γάζα (Gaza) is a term rich in historical and geopolitical significance, referring to the ancient city that served as a crucial trade and military hub in the Mediterranean region. The name, rooted in Semitic origins, conveys the idea of strength and fortification. In the New Testament, Gaza is mentioned in Acts 8:26 in the context of Philip’s journey, underscoring its importance as a transit point. Classical Greek literature further attests to Gaza’s role as a key city in the trade networks and military campaigns of the ancient Near East. The city’s enduring significance across various empires and eras makes Gaza a term that encapsulates both the physical and symbolic power of one of the ancient world’s most important cities.