G1011

Transliteration and Meaning:
The Greek verb βουλεύω (transliterated as Bouleúō) carries the primary meanings of “to counsel,” “to deliberate,” “to plan,” or “to resolve.” The term is derived from the root word βουλή (boulē), meaning “counsel” or “plan.” The verb bouleúō thus conveys the act of taking counsel or making a decision after careful thought and deliberation. It encompasses both the process of considering options and the resulting decision or plan that emerges from such consideration.

Lexical Insights and Biblical Usage:
According to lexicons such as BDAG, Thayer’s, and Strong’s exhaustive concordance, βουλεύω is consistently understood as involving deliberate thought or consultation, often in a formal or official setting. BDAG emphasizes that the term can be used to describe the process of planning or deciding, particularly in contexts where a group is involved in making a decision. Thayer’s adds that bouleúō can also imply the intention or resolve to carry out a specific action after deliberation.

In the New Testament, βουλεύω appears in passages that underscore the idea of deliberate decision-making. For example, in Luke 14:31, Jesus uses the term in a parable about a king considering whether he can meet another king in battle, advising that he “consult” (βουλεύω) whether he is able to meet him with his army. This usage highlights the importance of thoughtful planning and counsel before taking action. Another instance is found in Matthew 12:14, where the Pharisees “plotted” (βουλεύω) against Jesus, further demonstrating the term’s association with intentional decision-making, often with a particular end goal in mind.

Classical Greek Usage:
In classical Greek literature, βουλεύω was a common verb used to describe the actions of rulers, military leaders, and councils who needed to deliberate or plan strategies. For example, in the works of Herodotus, the term is used to describe how leaders of Greek city-states would deliberate on matters of war and peace, illustrating the importance of thoughtful counsel in governance.

In Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War, bouleúō is used to describe the process by which the Athenian assembly deliberated on whether to engage in particular military campaigns. This context highlights the collective nature of the decision-making process in democratic city-states, where consultation and deliberation were crucial to the political process.

Another example can be found in Xenophon’s Anabasis, where military leaders are depicted as taking counsel and making plans (βουλεύω) regarding their strategies and movements. The use of the term in these contexts underscores its association with thoughtful, often strategic planning, particularly in the spheres of politics and military affairs.

Summary:
The Greek verb βουλεύω (Bouleúō) encapsulates the process of deliberation, decision-making, and planning, particularly in formal or strategic contexts. Rooted in the concept of counsel (boulē), the verb emphasizes careful thought and consultation before taking action. Lexical sources like BDAG and Thayer’s consistently present bouleúō as a term associated with deliberate planning and decision-making, as evidenced in New Testament passages such as Luke 14:31 and Matthew 12:14. Classical Greek literature further illustrates the term’s use in describing the actions of leaders and councils as they deliberated on matters of governance, war, and strategy. In summary, bouleúō is a term deeply connected to the concepts of counsel, intentionality, and strategic planning, both in biblical contexts and in the broader scope of ancient Greek literature.