What is the meaning of Exodus 36?
Introduction to Exodus 36
Exodus 36 stands as a remarkable testament to the divine inspiration and empowerment of craftsmanship in service to יהוה (Yahweh). This chapter showcases the actual construction of the Tabernacle, where we witness the incredible synergy between divine enablement and human skill. The narrative transitions from preparation to implementation, demonstrating how the Spirit-filled artisans, Bezalel and Oholiab, along with their skilled team, began transforming the gathered materials into the sacred dwelling place of God.
The chapter beautifully illustrates how divine inspiration meets human dedication, as the craftsmen work with such excellence that they actually have to ask Moses to tell the people to stop bringing materials – an unprecedented moment in Scripture where generosity had to be restrained rather than encouraged.
Context of Exodus 36
Within the book of Exodus, chapter 36 marks a significant transition from the detailed instructions for the Tabernacle’s construction (chapters 25-31) to their actual implementation (chapters 36-39). This shift is crucial as it demonstrates the Israelites’ faithful obedience to God’s commands, contrasting sharply with their earlier rebellion in the golden calf incident (Exodus 32).
In the broader biblical narrative, this chapter serves as a pivotal moment in salvation history. The construction of the Tabernacle represents the first physical dwelling place of God among His people since Eden. This theme echoes throughout Scripture, finding its ultimate fulfillment in the incarnation of the Messiah Yeshua, as John 1:14 declares, “The Word became flesh and tabernacled among us.” The careful attention to detail and the overwhelming generosity of the people prefigures the New Covenant reality where believers themselves become temples of the Holy Spirit (1 Corinthians 6:19).
This chapter also establishes important principles about the relationship between divine empowerment and human skill, showing how God works through prepared and willing vessels to accomplish His purposes. This pattern continues throughout Scripture, from the building of Solomon’s Temple to the spiritual gifts given to build up the Body of the Messiah.
Ancient Key Word Study
- חֲכַם־לֵ֛ב (chakham-lev) – “Wise-hearted” (v. 1): This compound term literally means “wise of heart,” reflecting the Hebrew understanding that the heart was the seat of both intellect and skill. The term suggests not just technical ability but divinely-granted wisdom that integrates mind, emotions, and spiritual sensitivity.
- רוּחַ (ruach) – “Spirit” (implied from previous context): Though not explicitly mentioned in this chapter, the work continues under the Spirit’s empowerment mentioned in Exodus 31:3. This is the same word used for God’s Spirit hovering over creation, showing the parallel between cosmic and tabernacle creation.
- מְלָאכָה (melachah) – “Work” (v. 2): The same term used for God’s creative work in Genesis, suggesting that the tabernacle construction was seen as a participation in divine creative activity.
- נְדָבָה (nedavah) – “Freewill offering” (v. 3): This term implies spontaneous generosity, distinct from obligatory giving. It represents worship through willing sacrifice.
- דַּיָּם (dayyam) – “Sufficient” (v. 7): This rare term implies not just adequacy but abundance beyond necessity, emphasizing the overwhelming response of the people.
- יְרִיעֹת (yeriot) – “Curtains” (v. 8): These weren’t mere functional items but represented boundaries between sacred and common space, with their complex design reflecting cosmic imagery.
- חֹשֵׁב (choshev) – “Skillful design” (v. 8): This term implies both technical skill and artistic creativity, suggesting work that requires both divine inspiration and human expertise.
- כְּרֻבִים (keruvim) – “Cherubim” (v. 8): These celestial beings were woven into the fabric, representing the merger of heavenly and earthly realms in the tabernacle.
- לוּלָאֹת (lula’ot) – “Loops” (v. 11): These connecting elements symbolized the unity of God’s dwelling place, with each part perfectly joined to others.
Compare & Contrast
- Verse 1’s use of חֲכַם־לֵ֛ב (chakham-lev) rather than simply חָכָם (chakham) emphasizes that true wisdom for divine service involves the whole person, not merely intellectual capability. The heart-wisdom combination suggests transformation of character alongside skill.
- The repeated phrase “as יהוה had commanded” in verses 1, 5, and 7 uses the perfect tense, emphasizing the completeness and finality of God’s instructions rather than using the imperfect tense which would suggest ongoing or incomplete instruction.
- Verse 3’s description of morning by morning giving (בַבֹּקֶר בַבֹּקֶר) uses repetition to emphasize the consistent, daily nature of the people’s generosity, rather than a single act of giving.
- The technical term חֹשֵׁב (skillful design) in verse 8 is chosen over simpler terms for work or craftsmanship, indicating that the artistry involved was both technically precise and spiritually inspired.
- The description of the curtains in verses 8-13 uses precise measurements and technical terms, reflecting that sacred space requires exact specifications rather than approximate guidelines.
- The use of קָרַס (clasp) in verse 13 rather than a general word for joining emphasizes the precise and permanent nature of the connections in God’s dwelling place.
- The term for “enough” (דַּיָּם) in verse 7 is used instead of simpler terms to convey both sufficiency and abundance, indicating that God’s provision through His people exceeded mere adequacy.
Exodus 36 Unique Insights
The Midrash Rabbah provides fascinating insight into the phrase “wise-hearted” (חֲכַם־לֵ֛ב), suggesting that these craftsmen possessed not only technical skill but also the ability to perceive the spiritual dimensions of their work. They could visualize how each element of the Tabernacle corresponded to cosmic and spiritual realities, making their craftsmanship a form of prophecy through artistry.
The early rabbis noted that the excessive giving by the people (verses 5-7) was seen as a tikkun (spiritual repair) for the sin of the golden calf. Where they had previously given gold for idolatry, they now gave abundantly for God’s true dwelling place. The Zohar connects this overflow of giving to the concept of heaven’s abundance, suggesting that when people give with a willing heart, they create channels for divine blessing to flow into the world.
The precise measurements and materials mentioned throughout the chapter were understood by Jewish mystics as containing deep spiritual significance. For example, the repeated use of the number five in the dimensions was seen as representing the five books of Torah, while the blue, purple, and scarlet colors were understood to represent the merging of heavenly and earthly realms.
This chapter also presents a unique instance in Scripture where Moses had to command the people to stop giving – a situation that has no parallel in biblical history. The Jerusalem Talmud suggests this demonstrates that when people are truly aligned with God’s purposes, their generosity knows no bounds and must sometimes be channeled rather than stimulated.
Exodus 36 Connections to Yeshua
The Spirit-empowered craftsmanship described in this chapter prefigures the gifts of the Spirit given to believers in the Messiah. Just as Bezalel and Oholiab were filled with the Spirit for their work, the Body of the Messiah is equipped with spiritual gifts for building up God’s spiritual house (1 Peter 2:5).
The overwhelming generosity of the people foreshadows the Messianic age where God’s people would give themselves fully to His service. This was perfectly exemplified in Yeshua, who gave Himself completely for us, and in the early church where believers shared everything they had (Acts 4:32-35). The willing hearts of the people mirror the transformation that occurs when we encounter the Messiah, moving from reluctant obligation to joyful sacrifice.
Exodus 36 Scriptural Echoes
The careful construction of the Tabernacle finds its parallel in Solomon’s Temple (1 Kings 6) and later in the spiritual temple of believers (1 Corinthians 3:16-17). The Spirit’s empowerment of the craftsmen echoes through to Acts 2 where the Spirit empowers believers for ministry.
The overwhelming generosity of the people resonates with David’s collection for the Temple (1 Chronicles 29:1-9) and the Macedonian churches’ giving (2 Corinthians 8:1-5). The theme of skilled craftsmanship for God’s glory appears again in the building of Solomon’s Temple and the rebuilding under Zerubbabel.
The careful attention to detail and exact obedience to God’s instructions finds parallel in Noah’s building of the ark (Genesis 6:22) and the future New Jerusalem’s precise measurements (Revelation 21).
Exodus 36 Devotional
This chapter challenges us to consider how we’re using our God-given skills and resources for His glory. The craftsmen’s dedication to excellence reminds us that whatever we do should be done as unto the Lord (Colossians 3:23). Their Spirit-empowered work encourages us to rely on God’s enablement rather than mere human ability.
The overwhelming generosity of the people provides a powerful model for giving. They gave until they had to be told to stop – when was the last time our churches faced such a “problem”? This challenges us to examine our own giving: Is it reluctant and measured, or does it flow from a heart of abundance and joy?
Did You Know
- The term “wise-hearted” (חֲכַם־לֵ֛ב) appears more times in Exodus 35-36 than in any other portion of Scripture, emphasizing the unique combination of spiritual wisdom and practical skill required for building God’s dwelling place.
- According to rabbinic tradition, the excessive materials that were brought were used to create additional structures around the Tabernacle that served educational purposes, teaching future generations about sacred service.
- The blue dye (תְּכֵלֶת – techelet) mentioned in the text was derived from a specific species of snail (Murex trunculus), making it one of the most expensive materials used in the Tabernacle.
- The curtains of the Tabernacle, when fully assembled, created a mathematical pattern that some scholars believe represented the dimensions of the universe as understood by ancient Israelites.
- The phrase “morning by morning” (בַבֹּקֶר בַבֹּקֶר) in verse 3 uses a unique Hebrew construction that appears only three other times in the Torah, each time connecting to themes of God’s provision.
- The cherubim woven into the curtains were considered so sacred that their exact form was kept secret, with only general descriptions passed down through oral tradition.
- The total weight of materials used in the Tabernacle’s construction would have been approximately 1 ton of gold, 3.75 tons of silver, and 2.5 tons of bronze, making it an enormous undertaking for a traveling sanctuary.
- The skills required for the Tabernacle’s construction included metallurgy, woodworking, weaving, dying, tanning, and embroidery – technologies that were surprisingly advanced for a recently liberated slave population.