2 Kings Chapter 13

Commentary

Jehoahaz's Wicked Reign in Israel

1In the three and twentieth year of Joash the son of Ahaziah king of Judah Jehoahaz the son of Jehu began to reign over Israel in Samaria, and reigned seventeen years. 2And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, and followed the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, which made Israel to sin; he departed not therefrom. 3And the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel, and he delivered them into the hand of Hazael king of Syria, and into the hand of Benhadad the son of Hazael, all their days. 4And Jehoahaz besought the LORD, and the LORD hearkened unto him: for he saw the oppression of Israel, because the king of Syria oppressed them. 5(And the LORD gave Israel a saviour, so that they went out from under the hand of the Syrians: and the children of Israel dwelt in their tents, as beforetime. 6Nevertheless they departed not from the sins of the house of Jeroboam, who made Israel sin, but walked therein: and there remained the grove also in Samaria.) 7Neither did he leave of the people to Jehoahaz but fifty horsemen, and ten chariots, and ten thousand footmen; for the king of Syria had destroyed them, and had made them like the dust by threshing. 8Now the rest of the acts of Jehoahaz, and all that he did, and his might, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? 9And Jehoahaz slept with his fathers; and they buried him in Samaria: and Joash his son reigned in his stead.

Jehoash's Wicked Reign in Israel

10In the thirty and seventh year of Joash king of Judah began Jehoash the son of Jehoahaz to reign over Israel in Samaria, and reigned sixteen years. 11And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD; he departed not from all the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel sin: but he walked therein. 12And the rest of the acts of Joash, and all that he did, and his might wherewith he fought against Amaziah king of Judah, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? 13And Joash slept with his fathers; and Jeroboam sat upon his throne: and Joash was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel.

Elisha's Final Prophecy

14Now Elisha was fallen sick of his sickness whereof he died. And Joash the king of Israel came down unto him, and wept over his face, and said, O my father, my father, the chariot of Israel, and the horsemen thereof. 15And Elisha said unto him, Take bow and arrows. And he took unto him bow and arrows. 16And he said to the king of Israel, Put thine hand upon the bow. And he put his hand upon it: and Elisha put his hands upon the king's hands. 17And he said, Open the window eastward. And he opened it. Then Elisha said, Shoot. And he shot. And he said, The arrow of the LORD'S deliverance, and the arrow of deliverance from Syria: for thou shalt smite the Syrians in Aphek, till thou have consumed them. 18And he said, Take the arrows. And he took them. And he said unto the king of Israel, Smite upon the ground. And he smote thrice, and stayed. 19And the man of God was wroth with him, and said, Thou shouldest have smitten five or six times; then hadst thou smitten Syria till thou hadst consumed it: whereas now thou shalt smite Syria but thrice.

20And Elisha died, and they buried him. And the bands of the Moabites invaded the land at the coming in of the year. 21And it came to pass, as they were burying a man, that, behold, they spied a band of men; and they cast the man into the sepulchre of Elisha: and when the man was let down, and touched the bones of Elisha, he revived, and stood up on his feet.

22But Hazael king of Syria oppressed Israel all the days of Jehoahaz. 23And the LORD was gracious unto them, and had compassion on them, and had respect unto them, because of his covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and would not destroy them, neither cast he them from his presence as yet.

24So Hazael king of Syria died; and Benhadad his son reigned in his stead. 25And Jehoash the son of Jehoahaz took again out of the hand of Benhadad the son of Hazael the cities, which he had taken out of the hand of Jehoahaz his father by war. Three times did Joash beat him, and recovered the cities of Israel.

King James Bible

Text courtesy of BibleProtector.com.

Jehoahaz Reigns in Israel

1 In the three and twentieth year of Joash the son of Ahaziah, king of Judah, Jehoahaz the son of Jehu began to reign over Israel in Samaria for seventeen years. 2 He did that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh, and followed the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, with which he made Israel to sin; he didn’t depart from it. 3 The anger of Yahweh was kindled against Israel, and he delivered them into the hand of Hazael king of Syria, and into the hand of Benhadad the son of Hazael, continually. 4 Jehoahaz begged Yahweh, and Yahweh listened to him; for he saw the oppression of Israel, how that the king of Syria oppressed them. 5 (Yahweh gave Israel a savior, so that they went out from under the hand of the Syrians; and the children of Israel lived in their tents as before. 6 Nevertheless they didn’t depart from the sins of the house of Jeroboam, with which he made Israel to sin, but walked therein: and there remained the Asherah also in Samaria.) 7 For he didn’t leave to Jehoahaz of the people any more than fifty horsemen, and ten chariots, and ten thousand footmen; for the king of Syria destroyed them, and made them like the dust in threshing. 8 Now the rest of the acts of Jehoahaz, and all that he did, and his might, aren’t they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? 9 Jehoahaz slept with his fathers; and they buried him in Samaria: and Joash his son reigned in his place.

Jehoash Reigns in Israel

10 In the thirty-seventh year of Joash king of Judah, Jehoash the son of Jehoahaz began to reign over Israel in Samaria for sixteen years. 11 He did that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh; he didn’t depart from all the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, with which he made Israel to sin; but he walked therein. 12 Now the rest of the acts of Joash, and all that he did, and his might with which he fought against Amaziah king of Judah, aren’t they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? 13 Joash slept with his fathers; and Jeroboam sat on his throne: and Joash was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel.

Elisha’s Final Prophecy

14 Now Elisha was fallen sick of his sickness of which he died: and Joash the king of Israel came down to him, and wept over him, and said, “My father, my father, the chariots of Israel and its horsemen!” 15 Elisha said to him, “Take bow and arrows;” and he took to him bow and arrows. 16 He said to the king of Israel, “Put your hand on the bow;” and he put his hand on it. Elisha laid his hands on the king’s hands. 17 He said, “Open the window eastward;” and he opened it. Then Elisha said, “Shoot!” and he shot. He said, “Yahweh’s arrow of victory, even the arrow of victory over Syria; for you shall strike the Syrians in Aphek, until you have consumed them.” 18 He said, “Take the arrows;” and he took them. He said to the king of Israel, “Strike the ground;” and he struck three times, and stopped. 19 The man of God was angry with him, and said, “You should have struck five or six times. Then you would have struck Syria until you had consumed it, whereas now you shall strike Syria just three times.”

20 Elisha died, and they buried him. Now the bands of the Moabites invaded the land at the coming in of the year. 21 It happened, as they were burying a man, that behold, they spied a band; and they cast the man into the tomb of Elisha: and as soon as the man touched the bones of Elisha, he revived, and stood up on his feet.

22 Hazael king of Syria oppressed Israel all the days of Jehoahaz. 23 But Yahweh was gracious to them, and had compassion on them, and had respect to them, because of his covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and would not destroy them, neither cast he them from his presence as yet.

24 Hazael king of Syria died; and Benhadad his son reigned in his place. 25 Jehoash the son of Jehoahaz took again out of the hand of Benhadad the son of Hazael the cities which he had taken out of the hand of Jehoahaz his father by war. Joash struck him three times, and recovered the cities of Israel.

Jehoahaz Reigns in Israel

1 In the twenty-third year of the reign of Joash son of Ahaziah over Judah, Jehoahaz son of Jehu became king of Israel, and he reigned in Samaria seventeen years. 2 And he did evil in the sight of the LORD and followed the sins that Jeroboam son of Nebat had caused Israel to commit; he did not turn away from them. 3 So the anger of the LORD burned against Israel, and He delivered them continually into the hands of Hazael king of Aram and his son Ben-hadad.

4 Then Jehoahaz sought the favor of the LORD, and the LORD listened to him because He saw the oppression that the king of Aram had inflicted on Israel. 5 So the LORD gave Israel a deliverer, and they escaped the power of the Arameans. Then the people of Israel lived in their own homes as they had before.

6 Nevertheless, they did not turn away from the sins that the house of Jeroboam had caused Israel to commit, but they continued to walk in them. a The Asherah pole even remained standing in Samaria.

7 Jehoahaz had no army left, except fifty horsemen, ten chariots, and ten thousand foot soldiers, because the king of Aram had destroyed them and made them like the dust at threshing.

8 As for the rest of the acts of Jehoahaz, along with all his accomplishments and his might, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel?

9 And Jehoahaz rested with his fathers and was buried in Samaria. And his son Jehoash b reigned in his place.

Jehoash Reigns in Israel

10 In the thirty-seventh year of the reign of Joash over Judah, Jehoash son of Jehoahaz became king of Israel in Samaria, and he reigned sixteen years. 11 And he did evil in the sight of the LORD and did not turn away from all the sins that Jeroboam son of Nebat had caused Israel to commit, but he walked in them.

12 As for the rest of the acts of Jehoash, along with all his accomplishments and his might, including his war against Amaziah king of Judah, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel?

13 And Jehoash rested with his fathers, and Jeroboam succeeded him on the throne. Jehoash was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel.

Elisha’s Final Prophecy

14 When Elisha had fallen sick with the illness from which he would die, Jehoash king of Israel came down to him and wept over him, saying, “My father, my father, the chariots and horsemen of Israel!”

15 Elisha told him, “Take a bow and some arrows.”

So Jehoash took a bow and some arrows.

16 Then Elisha said to the king of Israel, “Put your hand on the bow.”

So the king put his hand on the bow, and Elisha put his hands on the king’s hands.

17 “Open the east window,” said Elisha.

So he opened it and Elisha said, “Shoot!” So he shot.

And Elisha declared:

“This is the LORD’s arrow of victory,

the arrow of victory over Aram,

for you shall strike the Arameans in Aphek

until you have put an end to them.”

18 Then Elisha said, “Take the arrows!”

So he took them, and Elisha said to the king of Israel, “Strike the ground!”

So he struck the ground three times and stopped.

19 But the man of God was angry with him and said, “You should have struck the ground five or six times. Then you would have struck down Aram until you had put an end to it. But now you will strike down Aram only three times.”

20 And Elisha died and was buried.

Now the Moabite raiders used to come into the land every spring. c 21 Once, as the Israelites were burying a man, suddenly they saw a band of raiders, so they threw the man’s body into Elisha’s tomb. And as soon as his body touched the bones of Elisha, the man was revived and stood up on his feet.

22 And Hazael king of Aram oppressed Israel throughout the reign of Jehoahaz. 23 But the LORD was gracious to Israel and had compassion on them, and He turned toward them because of His covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. And to this day, the LORD has been unwilling to destroy them or cast them from His presence.

24 When Hazael king of Aram died, his son Ben-hadad reigned in his place. 25 Then Jehoash son of Jehoahaz took back from Ben-hadad son of Hazael the cities that Hazael had taken in battle from his father Jehoahaz. Jehoash defeated Ben-hadad three times, and so recovered the cities of Israel.

 

Footnotes:

6 a LXX, Syriac, Targum Yonaton, and Vulgate; Hebrew he continued to walk in them
9 b Hebrew Joash , a variant of Jehoash ; also in verses 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 25
20 c Literally into the land at the coming in of the year

Jehoahaz's Wicked Reign in Israel

1In the twenty and third year of Joash son of Ahaziah king of Judah, hath Jehoahaz son of Jehu reigned over Israel, in Samaria -- seventeen years, 2and he doth the evil thing in the eyes of Jehovah, and goeth after the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat, that he caused Israel to sin -- he turned not aside from it, 3and the anger of Jehovah burneth against Israel, and He giveth them into the hand of Hazael king of Aram, and into the hand of Ben-Hadad son of Hazael, all the days. 4And Jehoahaz appeaseth the face of Jehovah, and Jehovah hearkeneth unto him, for He hath seen the oppression of Israel, for oppressed them hath the king of Aram, -- 5and Jehovah giveth to Israel a saviour, and they go out from under the hand of Aram, and the sons of Israel dwell in their tents as heretofore; 6only, they have not turned aside from the sins of the house of Jeroboam, that he caused Israel to sin, therein they walked, and also, the shrine hath remained in Samaria, -- 7for he left not to Jehoahaz of the people except fifty horsemen, and ten chariots, and ten thousand footmen, for the king of Aram hath destroyed them, and maketh them as dust for threshing. 8And the rest of the matters of Jehoahaz, and all that he did, and his might, are they not written on the book of the Chronicles of the kings of Israel? 9And Jehoahaz lieth with his fathers, and they bury him in Samaria, and reign doth Joash his son in his stead.

Jehoash's Wicked Reign in Israel

10In the thirty and seventh year of Joash king of Judah reigned hath Jehoash son of Jehoahaz over Israel, in Samaria -- sixteen years, 11and he doth the evil thing in the eyes of Jehovah, he hath not turned aside from all the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat, that he caused Israel to sin, therein he walked. 12And the rest of the matters of Joash, and all that he did, and his might with which he fought with Amaziah king of Judah, are they not written on the book of the Chronicles of the kings of Israel? 13And Joash lieth with his fathers, and Jeroboam hath sat on his throne, and Joash is buried in Samaria, with the kings of Israel.

Elisha's Final Prophecy

14And Elisha hath been sick with his sickness in which he dieth, and come down unto him doth Joash king of Israel, and weepeth on his face, and saith, 'My father, my father, the chariot of Israel, and its horsemen.' 15And Elisha saith to him, 'Take bow and arrows:' and he taketh unto him bow and arrows. 16And he saith to the king of Israel, 'Place thy hand on the bow;' and he placeth his hand, and Elisha putteth his hands on the hands of the king, 17and saith, 'Open the window eastward;' and he openeth, and Elisha saith, 'Shoot,' and he shooteth; and he saith, 'An arrow of salvation to Jehovah, and an arrow of salvation against Aram, and thou hast smitten Aram, in Aphek, till consuming.' 18And he saith, 'Take the arrows,' and he taketh; and he saith to the king of Israel, 'Smite to the earth;' and he smiteth three times, and stayeth. 19And the man of God is wroth against him, and saith, 'By smiting five or six times then thou hadst smitten Aram till consuming; and now, three times thou dost smite Aram.'

20And Elisha dieth, and they bury him, and troops of Moab come in to the land, at the coming in of the year, 21and it cometh to pass, they are burying a man, and lo, they have seen the troop, and cast the man into the grave of Elisha, and the man goeth and cometh against the bones of Elisha, and liveth, and riseth on his feet.

22And Hazael king of Aram hath oppressed Israel all the days of Jehoahaz, 23and Jehovah doth favour them, and pity them, and turn unto them, for the sake of His covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and hath not been willing to destroy them, nor to cast them from His presence as yet.

24And Hazael king of Aram dieth, and reign doth Ben-Hadad his son in his stead, 25and Jehoash son of Jehoahaz turneth and taketh the cities out of the hand of Ben-Hadad son of Hazael that he had taken out of the hand of Jehoahaz his father in war; three times hath Joash smitten him, and he bringeth back the cities of Israel.

The F.O.G Commentary:

1What is the meaning of 2 Kings 13?
2Introduction to 2 Kings 13
3Context of 2 Kings 13
4Ancient Key Word Study
5Compare & Contrast
62 Kings 13 Unique Insights
72 Kings 13 Connections to Yeshua
82 Kings 13 Scriptural Echoes
92 Kings 13 Devotional
10Did You Know

What is the meaning of 2 Kings 13?

Introduction to 2 Kings 13

The thirteenth chapter of 2 Kings presents a pivotal moment in Israel’s history, chronicling the reigns of Jehoahaz and Jehoash over the northern kingdom of Israel. This chapter powerfully illustrates the cycle of divine judgment, repentance, and mercy that characterized Israel’s relationship with Yahweh during the divided monarchy period. Through the prophetic ministry of Elisha, even in his final moments, we witness God’s unwavering faithfulness to His covenant promises despite Israel’s persistent unfaithfulness.

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Context of 2 Kings 13

This chapter is situated during a tumultuous period in Israel’s history, as the northern kingdom faces increasing pressure from Aram (Syria) under Hazael and Ben-hadad III. The narrative follows the continuation of Jehu’s dynasty, which God had promised would last four generations because of Jehu’s zeal in destroying Baal worship. However, despite this divine favor, the kingdom remained entrenched in the “sins of Jeroboam,” maintaining the worship of the golden calves at Dan and Bethel.

The broader context reveals God’s patient dealings with His people even as they repeatedly turn away from Him. This chapter serves as a bridge between the active ministry of Elisha and his death, marking the end of an era in prophetic history. It also demonstrates how God’s mercy operates even within the framework of judgment, as He provides deliverances to Israel despite their continued idolatry, fulfilling His covenant promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

Ancient Key Word Study

  • וַיַּעַשׂ הָרַע (va’ya’as ha’ra) – “He did evil” (v. 2): This recurring phrase in Kings literally means “he did the bad/evil thing.” The definite article before “evil” suggests not just general wickedness but specific covenant violations, particularly the maintenance of Jeroboam’s religious system.
  • וַיְחַל (vay’chal) – “He entreated” (v. 4): This verb comes from the root חלה, indicating intense pleading or becoming weak. Its usage here suggests a desperate seeking of God’s favor, emphasizing genuine contrition rather than mere formal prayer.
  • מוֹשִׁיעַ (moshia) – “savior” (v. 5): This term shares the same root as “Yeshua” (Jesus) and carries the concept of comprehensive deliverance. Its use here foreshadows the ultimate Savior who would deliver not just from physical oppression but from sin itself.
  • אֲשֵׁרָה (Asherah) – “Asherah pole” (v. 6): This reference to pagan worship objects highlights Israel’s continued spiritual compromise. The term represents both the Canaanite goddess and her cult symbol, demonstrating the syncretistic nature of Israel’s religion.
  • חֲמִשִּׁים פָּרָשִׁים (chamishim parashim) – “fifty horsemen” (v. 7): This phrase emphasizes Israel’s military weakness, with the number fifty representing a skeleton force, highlighting the severity of divine judgment through Aramean oppression.
  • שְׁלֹשׁ פְּעָמִים (shalosh pe’amim) – “three times” (v. 19): The number three often carries symbolic significance in Hebrew thought, here representing completeness but not fullness, as five or seven strikes would have indicated total victory.
  • גְּדוּדֵי מוֹאָב (gedudei Moab) – “bands of Moab” (v. 20): This term refers to raiding parties, highlighting the ongoing threat Israel faced from surrounding nations. The word גְּדוּד (gedud) specifically indicates organized military units engaged in guerrilla warfare.

Compare & Contrast

  • Verse 2’s description of Jehoahaz following the “sins of Jeroboam” uses the specific phrase וַיֵּלֶךְ אַחֲרֶיהָ (vayelech achareha – “he walked after them”) rather than the more common וַיַּעֲשֶׂה כֵן (va’ya’aseh chen – “he did likewise”). This stronger phraseology emphasizes active pursuit rather than mere imitation, suggesting deliberate continuation of false worship practices.
  • The description of God’s compassion in verse 23 employs וַיָּחָן (vayachon – “he was gracious”) rather than the more common וַיְרַחֵם (vayrachem – “he had mercy”). This choice emphasizes God’s sovereign choice to extend favor rather than merely emotional response to suffering.
  • In verse 14, Elisha’s illness is described as חָלְיוֹ אֲשֶׁר־יָמוּת בּוֹ (cholyo asher-yamut bo – “his illness of which he would die”) rather than the simpler מַחֲלָה (machalah – “sickness”). This construction emphasizes the prophetic nature of his death and its significance in Israel’s history.
  • The archery symbolism in verses 15-19 uses יְרֵה (yereh – “shoot”) rather than the more military term זָרַק (zaraq – “cast/throw”), suggesting this was primarily a prophetic act rather than military instruction.

2 Kings 13 Unique Insights

The chapter contains a fascinating parallel between physical and spiritual warfare. The archer’s symbolic act of shooting arrows eastward carries deep prophetic significance in ancient Near Eastern culture. In Mesopotamian royal inscriptions, the shooting of arrows toward enemy territory symbolized both the declaration of war and claiming sovereignty over that land. By having Jehoash perform this act, Elisha was orchestrating a prophetic declaration of victory that required the king’s active participation in faith.

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The mention of Elisha’s bones bringing a dead man to life (verse 21) represents more than just a miracle story. In Jewish tradition, this incident is seen as a powerful testimony to the concept of זכות אבות (zechut avot – “merit of the fathers”). The fact that even Elisha’s remains could transmit life speaks to the enduring power of righteousness and God’s faithfulness to His servants. This event also foreshadowed the greater resurrection power that would be manifested through the Messiah.

The recurring theme of “three times” in the arrow-shooting incident connects to numerous other biblical triads, particularly in prophetic literature. The rabbinical commentary Pesikta Rabbati notes that this number often represents the minimum fulfillment of divine promise while leaving room for greater fulfillment. This interpretation aligns with the text’s suggestion that Jehoash could have achieved more complete victory had he struck the ground more times.

2 Kings 13 Connections to Yeshua

The chapter’s emphasis on God’s faithfulness to His covenant despite Israel’s unfaithfulness powerfully prefigures the new covenant in Yeshua. Just as God provided a מוֹשִׁיעַ (moshia – savior) to deliver Israel from physical oppression, He would ultimately send the perfect Savior to deliver His people from spiritual bondage.

The miraculous resurrection through contact with Elisha’s bones serves as a type and shadow of the greater resurrection power manifested through Yeshua. This incident demonstrates that God’s power over death was already being revealed in the Old Testament, pointing toward the ultimate victory over death achieved through the Messiah’s resurrection. As 1 Corinthians 15:55 declares, “O death, where is your victory? O death, where is your sting?”

2 Kings 13 Scriptural Echoes

The pattern of divine judgment followed by mercy echoes throughout Scripture, particularly in Judges 2:16-19, where God repeatedly raises up deliverers for Israel. The specific mention of God’s compassion because of His covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob connects to Exodus 2:24 and Leviticus 26:42.

The arrow-shooting incident recalls 1 Kings 22:11, where prophetic symbolism is similarly used to predict military victory. The resurrection miracle anticipates Ezekiel 37:1-14, where dry bones come to life as a picture of Israel’s spiritual revival.

2 Kings 13 Devotional

This chapter powerfully reminds us that God’s faithfulness transcends our failures. Just as He remembered His covenant with the patriarchs and showed compassion to an unfaithful Israel, He remains faithful to us today through His new covenant in Yeshua. We are called to examine our own hearts: Are we, like Jehoash, limiting God’s work in our lives through partial obedience or lack of faith?

The story of the arrows teaches us about partnership with God in faith. Victory required both the prophet’s direction and the king’s participation. Similarly, while God’s promises are sure, we are called to actively participate in faith, not limiting His work through unbelief or half-hearted commitment.

Did You Know

  • The phrase “according to the word of the Lord” appears repeatedly in Kings, but in this chapter, it specifically refers to prophecies about Aramean oppression dating back to Elisha’s encounter with Hazael in 2 Kings 8.
  • Archaeological evidence from this period shows widespread destruction layers in northern Israel’s cities, confirming the biblical account of Aramean oppression under Hazael and Ben-hadad.
  • The reference to “fifty horsemen” represents the smallest possible cavalry unit in ancient Near Eastern military organization, emphasizing Israel’s severe military reduction.
  • The practice of shooting arrows as a prophetic act has parallels in other ancient Near Eastern royal ceremonies, particularly in Assyrian and Babylonian victory rituals.
  • The mention of Asherah poles remaining in Samaria provides archaeological correlation, as numerous Asherah figurines from this period have been discovered in Israelite contexts.
  • The description of Elisha’s final prophecy includes specific body positioning (hands on hands) that parallels ancient Near Eastern practices of transferring authority or blessing.
  • The resurrection miracle involving Elisha’s bones is the only recorded instance in Scripture of resurrection occurring through contact with a prophet’s remains.

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Jean Paul Joseph
Jean Paul Joseph

After a dramatic early morning encounter with King Jesus, I just couldn’t put my Bible down. The F.O.G took a hold of me and this website was born. What is the F.O.G?

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