2 Chronicles Chapter 33

Manasseh's Idolatrous Reign in Judah

(2 Kings 21:1-9)

1Manasseh was twelve years old when he began to reign, and he reigned fifty and five years in Jerusalem: 2But did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, like unto the abominations of the heathen, whom the LORD had cast out before the children of Israel. 3For he built again the high places which Hezekiah his father had broken down, and he reared up altars for Baalim, and made groves, and worshipped all the host of heaven, and served them. 4Also he built altars in the house of the LORD, whereof the LORD had said, In Jerusalem shall my name be for ever. 5And he built altars for all the host of heaven in the two courts of the house of the LORD. 6And he caused his children to pass through the fire in the valley of the son of Hinnom: also he observed times, and used enchantments, and used witchcraft, and dealt with a familiar spirit, and with wizards: he wrought much evil in the sight of the LORD, to provoke him to anger. 7And he set a carved image, the idol which he had made, in the house of God, of which God had said to David and to Solomon his son, In this house, and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen before all the tribes of Israel, will I put my name for ever: 8Neither will I any more remove the foot of Israel from out of the land which I have appointed for your fathers; so that they will take heed to do all that I have commanded them, according to the whole law and the statutes and the ordinances by the hand of Moses. 9So Manasseh made Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem to err, and to do worse than the heathen, whom the LORD had destroyed before the children of Israel.

Manasseh's Repentance and Restoration

(2 Kings 21:10-18)

10And the LORD spake to Manasseh, and to his people: but they would not hearken. 11Wherefore the LORD brought upon them the captains of the host of the king of Assyria, which took Manasseh among the thorns, and bound him with fetters, and carried him to Babylon. 12And when he was in affliction, he besought the LORD his God, and humbled himself greatly before the God of his fathers, 13And prayed unto him: and he was intreated of him, and heard his supplication, and brought him again to Jerusalem into his kingdom. Then Manasseh knew that the LORD he was God.

14Now after this he built a wall without the city of David, on the west side of Gihon, in the valley, even to the entering in at the fish gate, and compassed about Ophel, and raised it up a very great height, and put captains of war in all the fenced cities of Judah. 15And he took away the strange gods, and the idol out of the house of the LORD, and all the altars that he had built in the mount of the house of the LORD, and in Jerusalem, and cast them out of the city. 16And he repaired the altar of the LORD, and sacrificed thereon peace offerings and thank offerings, and commanded Judah to serve the LORD God of Israel. 17Nevertheless the people did sacrifice still in the high places, yet unto the LORD their God only.

18Now the rest of the acts of Manasseh, and his prayer unto his God, and the words of the seers that spake to him in the name of the LORD God of Israel, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Israel. 19His prayer also, and how God was intreated of him, and all his sin, and his trespass, and the places wherein he built high places, and set up groves and graven images, before he was humbled: behold, they are written among the sayings of the seers. 20So Manasseh slept with his fathers, and they buried him in his own house: and Amon his son reigned in his stead.

Amon's Evil Reign in Judah

(2 Kings 21:19-26)

21Amon was two and twenty years old when he began to reign, and reigned two years in Jerusalem. 22But he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD, as did Manasseh his father: for Amon sacrificed unto all the carved images which Manasseh his father had made, and served them; 23And humbled not himself before the LORD, as Manasseh his father had humbled himself; but Amon trespassed more and more. 24And his servants conspired against him, and slew him in his own house. 25But the people of the land slew all them that had conspired against king Amon; and the people of the land made Josiah his son king in his stead.

King James Bible

Text courtesy of BibleProtector.com.

Manasseh Reigns in Judah
(2 Kings 21:1–9)

1 Manasseh was twelve years old when he began to reign; and he reigned fifty-five years in Jerusalem. 2 He did that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh, after the abominations of the nations whom Yahweh cast out before the children of Israel. 3 For he built again the high places which Hezekiah his father had broken down; and he reared up altars for the Baals, and made Asheroth, and worshiped all the army of the sky, and served them. 4 He built altars in the house of Yahweh, of which Yahweh said, “My name shall be in Jerusalem forever.” 5 He built altars for all the army of the sky in the two courts of the house of Yahweh. 6 He also made his children to pass through the fire in the valley of the son of Hinnom; and he practiced sorcery, and used enchantments, and practiced sorcery, and dealt with those who had familiar spirits, and with wizards: he worked much evil in the sight of Yahweh, to provoke him to anger. 7 He set the engraved image of the idol, which he had made, in the house of God, of which God said to David and to Solomon his son, “In this house, and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel, will I put my name forever: 8 neither will I any more remove the foot of Israel from off the land which I have appointed for your fathers, if only they will observe to do all that I have commanded them, even all the law and the statutes and the ordinances given by Moses.” 9 Manasseh seduced Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so that they did more evil than the nations whom Yahweh destroyed before the children of Israel did.

Manasseh’s Repentance and Restoration
(2 Kings 21:10–18)

10 Yahweh spoke to Manasseh, and to his people; but they gave no heed. 11 Therefore Yahweh brought on them the captains of the army of the king of Assyria, who took Manasseh in chains, and bound him with fetters, and carried him to Babylon. 12 When he was in distress, he begged Yahweh his God, and humbled himself greatly before the God of his fathers. 13 He prayed to him; and he was entreated by him, and heard his supplication, and brought him again to Jerusalem into his kingdom. Then Manasseh knew that Yahweh was God.

14 Now after this he built an outer wall to the city of David, on the west side of Gihon, in the valley, even to the entrance at the fish gate; and he encircled Ophel with it, and raised it up to a very great height: and he put valiant captains in all the fortified cities of Judah. 15 He took away the foreign gods, and the idol out of the house of Yahweh, and all the altars that he had built in the mountain of the house of Yahweh, and in Jerusalem, and cast them out of the city. 16 He built up the altar of Yahweh, and offered thereon sacrifices of peace offerings and of thanksgiving, and commanded Judah to serve Yahweh, the God of Israel. 17 Nevertheless the people sacrificed still in the high places, but only to Yahweh their God.

18 Now the rest of the acts of Manasseh, and his prayer to his God, and the words of the seers who spoke to him in the name of Yahweh, the God of Israel, behold, they are written among the acts of the kings of Israel. 19 His prayer also, and how God was entreated of him, and all his sin and his trespass, and the places in which he built high places, and set up the Asherim and the engraved images, before he humbled himself: behold, they are written in the history of Hozai. 20 So Manasseh slept with his fathers, and they buried him in his own house: and Amon his son reigned in his place.

Amon Reigns in Judah
(2 Kings 21:19–26)

21 Amon was twenty-two years old when he began to reign; and he reigned two years in Jerusalem. 22 He did that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh, as did Manasseh his father; and Amon sacrificed to all the engraved images which Manasseh his father had made, and served them. 23 He didn’t humble himself before Yahweh, as Manasseh his father had humbled himself; but this same Amon trespassed more and more. 24 His servants conspired against him, and put him to death in his own house. 25 But the people of the land killed all those who had conspired against king Amon; and the people of the land made Josiah his son king in his place.

Manasseh Reigns in Judah
(2 Kings 21:1–9)

1 Manasseh was twelve years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem fifty-five years. 2 And he did evil in the sight of the LORD by following the abominations of the nations that the LORD had driven out before the Israelites. 3 For he rebuilt the high places that his father Hezekiah had torn down, and he raised up altars for the Baals and made Asherah poles. And he worshiped and served all the host of heaven.

4 Manasseh also built altars in the house of the LORD, of which the LORD had said, “My Name will remain in Jerusalem forever.” 5 In both courtyards of the house of the LORD, he built altars to all the host of heaven. 6 He sacrificed his sons in the fire a in the Valley of Hinnom. He practiced sorcery, divination, and witchcraft, and consulted mediums and spiritists. He did great evil in the sight of the LORD, provoking Him to anger.

7 Manasseh even took the carved image he had made and set it up in the house of God, of which God had said to David and his son Solomon, “In this temple and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel, I will establish My Name forever. 8 I will never again cause the feet of the Israelites to leave the land that I assigned to your fathers, if only they are careful to do all that I have commanded them through Moses—all the laws, statutes, and judgments.”

9 So Manasseh led the people of Judah and Jerusalem astray, so that they did greater evil than the nations that the LORD had destroyed before the Israelites.

Manasseh’s Repentance and Restoration
(2 Kings 21:10–18)

10 And the LORD spoke to Manasseh and his people, but they did not listen. 11 So the LORD brought against them the military commanders of the king of Assyria, who captured Manasseh, put a hook in his nose, bound him with bronze shackles, and took him to Babylon. 12 And in his distress, Manasseh sought the favor of the LORD his God and earnestly humbled himself before the God of his fathers. 13 And when he prayed to Him, the LORD received his plea and heard his petition; so He brought him back to Jerusalem and to his kingdom. Then Manasseh knew that the LORD is God.

14 After this, Manasseh rebuilt the outer wall of the City of David from west of Gihon in the valley to the entrance of the Fish Gate, and he brought it around the hill of Ophel and heightened it considerably. He also stationed military commanders in all the fortified cities of Judah.

15 He removed the foreign gods and the idol from the house of the LORD, along with all the altars he had built on the temple mount b and in Jerusalem, and he dumped them outside the city. 16 Then he restored the altar of the LORD and sacrificed peace offerings and thank offerings on it, and he told Judah to serve the LORD, the God of Israel. 17 Nevertheless, the people still sacrificed at the high places, but only to the LORD their God.

18 As for the rest of the acts of Manasseh, along with his prayer to his God and the words of the seers who spoke to him in the name of the LORD, the God of Israel, they are indeed written in the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel. c 19 His prayer and how God received his plea, as well as all his sin and unfaithfulness, and the sites where he built high places and set up Asherah poles and idols before he humbled himself, they are indeed written in the Records of the Seers. d 20 And Manasseh rested with his fathers and was buried at his palace. And his son Amon reigned in his place.

Amon Reigns in Judah
(2 Kings 21:19–26)

21 Amon was twenty-two years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem two years. 22 And he did evil in the sight of the LORD, as his father Manasseh had done.

Amon served and sacrificed to all the idols that his father Manasseh had made, 23 but he did not humble himself before the LORD as his father Manasseh had done; instead, Amon increased his guilt.

24 Then the servants of Amon conspired against him and killed him in his palace. 25 But the people of the land killed all those who had conspired against King Amon, and they made his son Josiah king in his place.

Footnotes:

6 a Literally made his sons pass through the fire
15 b Literally the mountain of the house of the LORD
18 c That is, Judah; in 2 Chronicles, Judah is occasionally called Israel, as representative of the true Israel.
19 d Or the Records of the Hozai  or the Annals of the Prophets

Manasseh's Idolatrous Reign in Judah

(2 Kings 21:1-9)

1A son of twelve years is Manasseh in his reigning, and fifty and five years he hath reigned in Jerusalem; 2and he doth the evil thing in the eyes of Jehovah, like the abominations of the nations that Jehovah dispossessed from the presence of the sons of Israel, 3and he turneth and buildeth the high places that Hezekiah his father hath broken down, and raiseth altars for Baalim, and maketh shrines, and boweth himself to all the host of the heavens, and serveth them. 4And he hath built altars in the house of Jehovah of which Jehovah had said, 'In Jerusalem is My name to the age.' 5And he buildeth altars to all the host of the heavens in the two courts of the house of Jehovah. 6And he hath caused his sons to pass over through fire in the valley of the son of Hinnom, and observed clouds and used enchantments and witchcraft, and dealt with a familiar spirit, and a wizard; he hath multiplied to do the evil thing in the eyes of Jehovah, to provoke him to anger. 7And he placeth the graven image of the idol that he made in the house of God, of which God said unto David, and unto Solomon his son, 'In this house, and in Jerusalem that I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel, I put My name to the age, 8and I add not to turn aside the foot of Israel from off the ground that I appointed to your fathers, only, if they watch to do all that I have commanded them -- to all the law, and the statutes, and the ordinances by the hand of Moses.' 9And Manasseh maketh Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem to err, to do evil above the nations that Jehovah destroyed from the presence of the sons of Israel.

Manasseh's Repentance and Restoration

(2 Kings 21:10-18)

10And Jehovah speaketh unto Manasseh and unto his people, and they have not attended, 11and Jehovah bringeth in against them the heads of the host that the king of Asshur hath, and they capture Manasseh among the thickets, and bind him with brazen fetters, and cause him to go to Babylon. 12And when he is in distress he hath appeased the face of Jehovah his God, and is humbled exceedingly before the God of his fathers, 13and prayeth unto Him, and He is entreated of him, and heareth his supplication, and bringeth him back to Jerusalem, to his kingdom, and Manasseh knoweth that Jehovah -- He is God.

14And after this he hath built an outer wall to the city of David, on the west of Gihon, in the valley, and at the entering in at the fish-gate, and it hath gone round to the tower, and he maketh it exceeding high, and he putteth heads of the force in all the cities of the bulwarks in Judah. 15And he turneth aside the gods of the stranger, and the idol, out of the house of Jehovah, and all the altars that he had built in the mount of the house of Jehovah and in Jerusalem, and casteth them to the outside of the city. 16And he buildeth the altar of Jehovah, and sacrificeth upon it sacrifices of peace-offerings and thank-offering, and saith to Judah to serve Jehovah, God of Israel; 17but still the people are sacrificing in high places, only -- to Jehovah their God.

18And the rest of the matters of Manasseh, and his prayer unto his God, and the matters of the seers, those speaking unto him in the name of Jehovah, God of Israel, lo, they are on the book of the matters of the kings of Israel; 19and his prayer, and his entreaty, and all his sin, and his trespass, and the places in which he had built high places, and established the shrines and the graven images before his being humbled, lo, they are written beside the matters of Hozai. 20And Manasseh lieth with his fathers, and they bury him in his own house, and reign doth Amon his son in his stead.

Amon's Evil Reign in Judah

(2 Kings 21:19-26)

21A son of twenty and two years is Amon in his reigning, and two years he hath reigned in Jerusalem, 22and he doth the evil thing in the eyes of Jehovah, as did Manasseh his father, and to all the graven images that Manasseh his father had made hath Amon sacrificed, and serveth them, 23and hath not been humbled before Jehovah, like the humbling of Manasseh his father, for Amon himself hath multiplied guilt. 24And his servants conspire against him, and put him to death in his own house, 25and the people of the land smite all those conspiring against king Amon, and the people of the land cause Josiah his son to reign in his stead.

The F.O.G Commentary:

1What is the meaning of 2 Chronicles 33?

2Introduction to 2 Chronicles 33

3Context of 2 Chronicles 33

4Ancient Key Word Study

5Compare & Contrast

62 Chronicles 33 Unique Insights

72 Chronicles 33 Connections to Yeshua

82 Chronicles 33 Scriptural Echoes

92 Chronicles 33 Devotional

10Did You Know

What is the meaning of 2 Chronicles 33?

Introduction to 2 Chronicles 33

2 Chronicles 33 presents one of the most remarkable transformation stories in Scripture – the account of Manasseh, considered the most wicked king of Judah, who through divine intervention and genuine repentance became a powerful testimony to God’s boundless mercy. This chapter serves as a profound illustration of the depths of God’s grace and His power to transform even the most hardened heart.

The narrative challenges our preconceptions about redemption and divine justice, demonstrating that no one is beyond the reach of God’s transformative power. It provides hope for those who feel their sins are unforgivable and offers wisdom about the consequences of both rebellion and repentance.

Context of 2 Chronicles 33

This chapter is strategically positioned within 2 Chronicles, following the righteous reign of Hezekiah and preceding the brief reign of Amon. It represents a dramatic shift in Judah’s spiritual climate, as Manasseh reverses his father Hezekiah’s religious reforms and leads the nation into unprecedented idolatry and wickedness.

Within the larger biblical narrative, this chapter serves multiple purposes. It demonstrates the cycle of apostasy, judgment, and restoration that characterizes much of Israel’s history. More importantly, it provides a powerful contrast to 2 Kings 21, which focuses primarily on Manasseh’s sins without detailing his repentance. This complementary account in Chronicles emphasizes God’s restorative purposes in judgment and the reality of genuine transformation.

The Chronicler’s purpose in including Manasseh’s restoration story aligns with his broader theological message: that genuine repentance leads to divine restoration, regardless of the severity of past sins. This theme resonates throughout Scripture, from David’s psalms of repentance to the New Testament parables of restoration.

Ancient Key Word Study

תְּשׁוּבָה (teshuvah) – “Repentance” (v. 12): This Hebrew word carries deeper meaning than mere regret, implying a complete turning around and return to God. In Manasseh’s case, it represented a total transformation of heart and conduct, demonstrating that true repentance involves both internal change and external action.
וַיִּכָּנַע (vayikkana) – “He humbled himself” (v. 12): This verb describes a profound internal submission, often used in contexts of spiritual breakthrough. The root word כנע (kana) implies bending or subduing oneself, suggesting Manasseh’s complete surrender of his previous pride and rebellion.
וַיִּתְפַּלֵּל (vayitpallel) – “He prayed” (v. 13): This reflexive verb form suggests intense, personal prayer. Unlike formal liturgical prayer, this term implies a deeply personal wrestling with God, similar to Hannah’s desperate plea in 1 Samuel 1.
וַיֵּדַע (vayeda) – “He knew” (v. 13): This verb goes beyond intellectual knowledge to intimate experiential knowledge. After his restoration, Manasseh “knew that יהוה is God,” implying a profound personal revelation of God’s nature.
אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים (elohim acherim) – “Other gods” (v. 3): This phrase appears frequently in warnings against idolatry. The plural form emphasizes the multiplicity of false deities Manasseh pursued, contrasting with the singular true God.
הַבָּמוֹת (habamot) – “High places” (v. 3): These elevated worship sites represented more than physical locations; they were symbols of spiritual compromise, mixing Yahweh worship with pagan practices.
וַיָּשָׁב (vayashav) – “He restored” (v. 16): This verb shares the same root as תְּשׁוּבָה (repentance), creating a powerful wordplay – as Manasseh returned to God, he also restored proper worship in Jerusalem.
חָזוֹן (chazon) – “Vision” (v. 18): This term specifically refers to divine prophetic revelation, suggesting that Manasseh’s story was preserved through inspired prophetic records.

Compare & Contrast

Verse 2’s statement that Manasseh “did evil in the eyes of יהוה” uses the phrase וַיַּעַשׂ הָרַע (vaya’as hara) rather than alternative Hebrew expressions for wrongdoing. This specific construction emphasizes deliberate action against divine standards, not mere moral failure. The phrase appears in stark contrast to descriptions of his father Hezekiah’s reign.
In verse 6, the phrase “made his sons pass through the fire” (וְהֶעֱבִיר אֶת־בָּנָיו בָּאֵשׁ) is chosen over simpler terms for child sacrifice. This construction emphasizes the ritualistic nature of the act and its connection to Molech worship, making the horror more explicit.
Verse 11’s description of Manasseh’s capture uses military terminology (וַיִּלְכְּדֻהוּ בַּחֹחִים) that literally means “caught with hooks,” painting a vivid picture of humiliation rather than using a more neutral term for capture. This choice emphasizes divine judgment’s thoroughness.
The phrase “God of his fathers” (אֱלֹהֵי אֲבֹתָיו) in verse 12 is chosen over simply “God,” emphasizing Manasseh’s return to the covenant relationship he had abandoned and connecting him back to David’s lineage.
Verse 13’s statement that Manasseh “knew that יהוה is God” uses the verb וַיֵּדַע rather than alternative Hebrew verbs for understanding, emphasizing experiential rather than theoretical knowledge.
The description of Manasseh’s building projects in verses 14-15 uses terminology parallel to descriptions of Solomon’s construction, subtly linking his restoration to Israel’s golden age.

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2 Chronicles 33 Unique Insights

The Talmud (Sanhedrin 103a) provides fascinating insight into Manasseh’s repentance, suggesting that when all other gates of prayer were closed to him, God carved out a special opening beneath His throne of glory to receive Manasseh’s prayer. This rabbinic tradition emphasizes both the severity of Manasseh’s sins and the extraordinary nature of God’s mercy in accepting his repentance.

The chapter presents a unique theological perspective on divine discipline. Unlike many other accounts of judgment in Chronicles, Manasseh’s captivity is presented not merely as punishment but as remedial discipline leading to restoration. This aligns with the New Testament concept of God’s discipline of His children (Hebrews 12:6).

Archaeological discoveries have provided interesting context for Manasseh’s reign. Assyrian records mention him as a vassal king, and archaeological evidence shows significant construction activity in Jerusalem during his reign, corresponding to the biblical account of his building projects after his restoration. This physical evidence helps validate the historical reliability of the Chronicle’s account.

The Midrash Tanchuma suggests that Manasseh’s repentance became a powerful teaching tool in rabbinic tradition, used to demonstrate that no one is beyond redemption. This interpretation gained significant traction in early Messianic Jewish communities, who saw in Manasseh’s story a foreshadowing of Paul’s teaching about God’s grace toward the chief of sinners.

2 Chronicles 33 Connections to Yeshua

Manasseh’s story powerfully foreshadows several aspects of Yeshua’s redemptive work. The king’s transformation from chief of sinners to testament of grace parallels the New Testament theme that Messiah came to save even the worst of sinners (1 Timothy 1:15).

The supernatural breaking of chains that led to Manasseh’s liberation prefigures Yeshua’s ministry of setting captives free, both spiritually and physically. Just as Manasseh’s deliverance led to the restoration of true worship in Jerusalem, Yeshua’s work leads to the restoration of true worship in spirit and truth.

2 Chronicles 33 Scriptural Echoes

This chapter resonates with numerous biblical narratives of transformation and restoration. The pattern of sin, judgment, repentance, and restoration echoes throughout Scripture:

Nebuchadnezzar’s humbling and restoration (Daniel 4)
David’s repentance after his sin with Bathsheba (Psalm 51)
The prodigal son’s return (Luke 15)
Paul’s transformation from persecutor to apostle (Acts 9)

These parallels demonstrate God’s consistent character in receiving genuine repentance and restoring the broken.

2 Chronicles 33 Devotional

Manasseh’s story speaks powerfully to anyone who feels beyond redemption. His transformation reminds us that no sin is beyond God’s forgiveness when met with genuine repentance. The account challenges us to examine our own hearts and recognize that God’s mercy extends even to those society might consider unredeemable.

This chapter also teaches us about the nature of true repentance. Manasseh’s change wasn’t merely emotional but led to concrete actions: removing idols, restoring proper worship, and attempting to undo the damage of his previous actions. This challenges us to examine whether our own repentance produces tangible fruit in our lives.

For those in spiritual leadership, this narrative provides hope when dealing with seemingly impossible cases. It reminds us never to give up praying for and witnessing to those who seem furthest from God, as His transforming power knows no limits.

Did You Know

The length of Manasseh’s 55-year reign was the longest of any king of Judah or Israel, suggesting God’s extraordinary patience in waiting for his repentance.
Archaeological evidence confirms the Assyrian practice of using hooks or rings to lead captives, exactly as described in verse 11.
The Chronicles account of Manasseh’s repentance and restoration is completely absent from the parallel account in 2 Kings, demonstrating the Chronicler’s unique emphasis on God’s restorative purposes.
The specific location mentioned for Manasseh’s imprisonment, Babylon, rather than Nineveh (the Assyrian capital), has been confirmed by historical records showing that Assyrian kings sometimes held court in Babylon.
The Hebrew text uses a unique word combination to describe Manasseh’s prayer (וַיִּתְפַּלֵּל אֵלָיו), suggesting an especially intimate form of supplication.
Manasseh’s reign coincided with the height of Assyrian power, and archaeological evidence shows significant Assyrian influence on Judean culture during this period.
The historical records of Manasseh’s building projects align with archaeological evidence of significant construction activity in Jerusalem during the 7th century BCE.
The traditional Jewish prayer of confession, the Vidui, is partially based on Manasseh’s model of repentance.

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