1 Thessalonians 4

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Live to Please God

1Furthermore then we beseech you, brethren, and exhort you by the Lord Jesus, that as ye have received of us how ye ought to walk and to please God, so ye would abound more and more. 2For ye know what commandments we gave you by the Lord Jesus. 3For this is the will of God, even your sanctification, that ye should abstain from fornication: 4That every one of you should know how to possess his vessel in sanctification and honour; 5Not in the lust of concupiscence, even as the Gentiles which know not God: 6That no man go beyond and defraud his brother in any matter: because that the Lord is the avenger of all such, as we also have forewarned you and testified. 7For God hath not called us unto uncleanness, but unto holiness. 8He therefore that despiseth, despiseth not man, but God, who hath also given unto us his holy Spirit.

9But as touching brotherly love ye need not that I write unto you: for ye yourselves are taught of God to love one another. 10And indeed ye do it toward all the brethren which are in all Macedonia: but we beseech you, brethren, that ye increase more and more; 11And that ye study to be quiet, and to do your own business, and to work with your own hands, as we commanded you; 12That ye may walk honestly toward them that are without, and that ye may have lack of nothing.

The Return of the Lord

13But I would not have you to be ignorant, brethren, concerning them which are asleep, that ye sorrow not, even as others which have no hope. 14For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so them also which sleep in Jesus will God bring with him. 15For this we say unto you by the word of the Lord, that we which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not prevent them which are asleep. 16For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first: 17Then we which are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air: and so shall we ever be with the Lord. 18Wherefore comfort one another with these words.

 

King James Bible

Text courtesy of BibleProtector.com.

Living to Please God

1 Finally then, brothers, we beg and exhort you in the Lord Jesus, that as you received from us how you ought to walk and to please God, that you abound more and more. 2 For you know what instructions we gave you through the Lord Jesus. 3 For this is the will of God: your sanctification, that you abstain from sexual immorality, 4 that each one of you know how to possess himself of his own vessel in sanctification and honor, 5 not in the passion of lust, even as the Gentiles who don’t know God; 6 that no one should take advantage of and wrong a brother or sister in this matter; because the Lord is an avenger in all these things, as also we forewarned you and testified. 7 For God called us not for uncleanness, but in sanctification. 8 Therefore he who rejects this doesn’t reject man, but God, who has also given his Holy Spirit to you.

9 But concerning brotherly love, you have no need that one write to you. For you yourselves are taught by God to love one another, 10 for indeed you do it toward all the brothers who are in all Macedonia. But we exhort you, brothers, that you abound more and more; 11 and that you make it your ambition to lead a quiet life, and to do your own business, and to work with your own hands, even as we instructed you; 12 that you may walk properly toward those who are outside, and may have need of nothing.

The Return of the Lord

13 But we don’t want you to be ignorant, brothers, concerning those who have fallen asleep, so that you don’t grieve like the rest, who have no hope. 14 For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so God will bring with him those who have fallen asleep in Jesus. 15 For this we tell you by the word of the Lord, that we who are alive, who are left to the coming of the Lord, will in no way precede those who have fallen asleep. 16 For the Lord himself will descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with God’s trumpet. The dead in Christ will rise first, 17 then we who are alive, who are left, will be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air. So we will be with the Lord forever. 18 Therefore comfort one another with these words.

Living to Please God

1 Finally, brothers, we ask and encourage you in the Lord Jesus to live in a way that is pleasing to God, just as you have received from us. This is how you already live, so you should do so all the more. 2 For you know the instructions we gave you by the authority of the Lord Jesus.

3 For it is God’s will that you should be holy: You must abstain from sexual immorality; 4 each of you must know how to control his own body a in holiness and honor, 5 not in lustful passion like the Gentiles who do not know God; 6 and no one should ever violate or exploit his brother in this regard, b because the Lord will avenge all such acts, as we have already told you and solemnly warned you. 7 For God has not called us to impurity, but to holiness. 8 Anyone, then, who rejects this command does not reject man but God, the very One who gives you His Holy Spirit.

9 Now about brotherly love, you do not need anyone to write to you, because you yourselves have been taught by God to love one another. 10 And you are indeed showing this love to all the brothers throughout Macedonia. But we urge you, brothers, to excel more and more 11 and to aspire to live quietly, to attend to your own matters, and to work with your own hands, as we instructed you. 12 Then you will behave properly toward outsiders, without being dependent on anyone.

The Return of the Lord

13 Brothers, we do not want you to be uninformed about those who sleep in death, c so that you will not grieve like the rest, who are without hope. 14 For since we believe that Jesus died and rose again, we also believe that God will bring with Jesus those who have fallen asleep in Him.

15 By the word of the Lord, we declare to you that we who are alive and remain until the coming of the Lord will by no means precede those who have fallen asleep. 16 For the Lord Himself will descend from heaven with a loud command, with the voice of an archangel, and with the trumpet of God, and the dead in Christ will be the first to rise. 17 After that, we who are alive and remain will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air. And so we will always be with the Lord.

18 Therefore encourage one another with these words.

 

Footnotes:

4 a Literally know how to possess his own vessel
6 b Or no one should ever harm or cheat his brother in this matter
13 c Literally those who have fallen asleep , as in verses 14 and 15

Live to Please God

1As to the rest, then, brethren, we request you, and call upon you in the Lord Jesus, as ye did receive from us how it behoveth you to walk and to please God, that ye may abound the more, 2for ye have known what commands we gave you through the Lord Jesus, 3for this is the will of God -- your sanctification; that ye abstain from the whoredom, 4that each of you know his own vessel to possess in sanctification and honour, 5not in the affection of desire, as also the nations that were not knowing God, 6that no one go beyond and defraud in the matter his brother, because an avenger is the Lord of all these, as also we spake before to you and testified, 7for God did not call us on uncleanness, but in sanctification; 8he, therefore, who is despising -- doth not despise man, but God, who also did give His Holy Spirit to us.

9And concerning the brotherly love, ye have no need of my writing to you, for ye yourselves are God-taught to love one another, 10for ye do it also to all the brethren who are in all Macedonia; and we call upon you, brethren, to abound still more, 11and to study to be quiet, and to do your own business, and to work with your own hands, as we did command you, 12that ye may walk becomingly unto those without, and may have lack of nothing.

The Return of the Lord

13And I do not wish you to be ignorant, brethren, concerning those who have fallen asleep, that ye may not sorrow, as also the rest who have not hope, 14for if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, so also God those asleep through Jesus he will bring with him, 15for this to you we say in the word of the Lord, that we who are living -- who do remain over to the presence of the Lord -- may not precede those asleep, 16because the Lord himself, in a shout, in the voice of a chief-messenger, and in the trump of God, shall come down from heaven, and the dead in Christ shall rise first, 17then we who are living, who are remaining over, together with them shall be caught away in clouds to meet the Lord in air, and so always with the Lord we shall be; 18so, then, comfort ye one another in these words.

Living to Please God

¹ Finally, brothers and sisters, we ask and urge you in the Lord Jesus to keep living in a way that pleases God, just as you have been doing—and that you do so more and more! ² For you know what instructions we gave you by the authority of the Lord Jesus. ³ It is God’s will that you should be sanctified: that you should avoid sexual immorality; that each of you should learn to control your own body in a way that is holy and honorable, not in passionate lust like the pagans, who do not know God. And in this matter, no one should wrong or take advantage of a brother or sister. The Lord will punish all those who commit such sins, as we told you and warned you before. For God did not call us to be impure, but to live a holy life. Therefore, anyone who rejects this instruction does not reject a human being but God, the very one who gives you His Holy Spirit.

Loving One Another

Now about your love for one another: we do not need to write to you, for you yourselves have been taught by God to love each other. ¹⁰ And in fact, you do love all of God’s family throughout Macedonia. Yet we urge you, brothers and sisters, to do so more and more, ¹¹ and to make it your ambition to lead a quiet life: You should mind your own business and work with your hands, just as we told you, ¹² so that your daily life may win the respect of outsiders and so that you will not be dependent on anybody.

The Coming of the Lord

¹³ Brothers and sisters, we do not want you to be uninformed about those who sleep in death, so that you do not grieve like the rest of mankind, who have no hope. ¹⁴ For we believe that Jesus died and rose again, and so we believe that God will bring with Jesus those who have fallen asleep in Him. ¹⁵ According to the Lord’s word, we tell you that we who are still alive, who are left until the coming of the Lord, will certainly not precede those who have fallen asleep. ¹⁶ For the Lord Himself will come down from heaven, with a loud command, with the voice of the archangel and with the trumpet call of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first. ¹⁷ After that, we who are still alive and are left will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air. And so we will be with the Lord forever. ¹⁸ Therefore encourage one another with these words!

 

Footnotes:

1.“Sanctified” (verse 3) comes from the Greek word hagiasmos, which means to be set apart or made holy. Paul emphasizes that God’s will for believers is to live lives of purity, especially in regard to sexual morality.

2.“Control your own body” (verse 4) is translated from the Greek phrase skeuos ktaomai, which can also mean “to possess your own vessel.” Paul is urging believers to honor their bodies as instruments for God’s use, not for indulgence.

3.“Passionate lust” (verse 5) uses the Greek word pathos, referring to uncontrolled desires. The Thessalonians are called to live differently from the surrounding pagan culture, which was known for its moral laxity and idolatry.

4.“The Lord will punish” (verse 6) is a sobering reminder that God takes sin seriously, especially when it involves harming others. The Greek word ekdikos means “avenger” and highlights God’s role in ensuring justice.

5.“Lead a quiet life” (verse 11) reflects a call to simplicity and peace. The Greek word hesychazo suggests living free from unnecessary conflict or drama, focusing on personal responsibility and self-discipline.

6.“Sleep in death” (verse 13) is a common metaphor in the New Testament for believers who have died, emphasizing the temporary nature of death for those who will be raised again in Christ.

7.“Caught up together” (verse 17) uses the Greek word harpazo, meaning to seize or snatch away. This verse has often been associated with the concept of the “rapture,” where believers are suddenly taken up to be with Christ at His return.

The F.O.G Commentary:

What is the meaning of 1 Thessalonians 4?

Introduction to 1 Thessalonians 4

1 Thessalonians 4 stands as a pivotal chapter in Paul’s earliest preserved epistle, addressing fundamental aspects of holy living and the blessed hope of the Messiah’s return. Written to a young congregation facing persecution and confusion about the fate of deceased believers, this chapter masterfully weaves together practical instruction for godly living with profound eschatological teaching about the resurrection and rapture of believers.

The chapter’s enduring significance lies in its dual focus on sanctification and future hope. Paul’s teaching here provides some of the most explicit instruction in Scripture about the return of the Messiah and the resurrection of believers, while simultaneously grounding these transcendent truths in practical exhortations for daily living. This combination of ethical instruction and eschatological hope creates a powerful template for understanding how future expectations should shape present behavior.

Context of 1 Thessalonians 4

This chapter falls within the larger context of Paul’s first letter to the Thessalonians, written around 50-51 CE from Corinth. The immediate context shows Paul addressing specific concerns that Timothy had reported back to him about the congregation. The Thessalonian believers, predominantly Gentile converts, were facing persecution from their pagan neighbors while struggling with questions about sexual ethics and the fate of deceased believers.

Within the broader biblical narrative, this chapter serves as a crucial bridge between the Messiah’s first coming and His anticipated return. It connects to the Old Testament prophetic traditions about the Day of יהוה, particularly as found in Joel 2:1 and Zephaniah 1:16, while providing new revelation about the sequence of events surrounding the Messiah’s return.

Moreover, this chapter reflects the early church’s growing understanding of how the Messiah’s work affects both present ethical behavior and future hope. It demonstrates how the apostolic teaching maintained continuity with Jewish expectations while revealing new details about God’s redemptive plan, particularly regarding the resurrection and gathering of believers.

Ancient Key Word Study

  • περιπατεῖν (peripatein) – “to walk” (v.1): This verb, literally meaning “to walk around,” was commonly used in Jewish writings to describe one’s way of life or conduct. Its use here connects to the Hebrew concept of הָלַךְ (halakh), emphasizing that faith must be lived out in daily conduct.
  • ἁγιασμός (hagiasmos) – “sanctification” (v.3,4,7): This term denotes both the process and the result of being set apart for God’s purposes. Its root connects to the Hebrew קָדַשׁ (qadash), emphasizing both ritual and moral purity.
  • σκεῦος (skeuos) – “vessel” (v.4): This word can refer either to one’s own body or to one’s wife, reflecting ancient Jewish discussions about proper treatment of both oneself and one’s spouse in marriage.
  • πάθει ἐπιθυμίας (pathei epithymias) – “passionate lust” (v.5): This phrase combines terms for suffering/experience with desire/craving, painting a vivid picture of uncontrolled sexual passion characteristic of pagan culture.
  • κοιμωμένων (koimōmenōn) – “those who sleep” (v.13): A euphemism for death used in both Jewish and Greek literature, but given new meaning in light of the Messiah’s resurrection.
  • παρουσίαν (parousian) – “coming” (v.15): A technical term used for official visits by rulers or dignitaries, here applied to the Messiah’s return, emphasizing its royal and official nature.
  • ἁρπαγησόμεθα (harpagēsometha) – “caught up” (v.17): This future passive verb, from which we get the concept of “rapture,” implies sudden, forceful removal, often used in Greek literature for divine transportation.
  • ἀέρα (aera) – “air” (v.17): In ancient cosmology, this referred to the space between earth and heaven, significant given ancient beliefs about spiritual powers inhabiting this realm.

Compare & Contrast

  • The choice of “περιπατεῖν” over “ζῆν” (to live) in verse 1 emphasizes the active, progressive nature of Christian conduct rather than mere existence.
  • The use of “σκεῦος” rather than “σῶμα” (body) in verse 4 allows for dual interpretation (body/wife) while maintaining dignity in discussing sensitive matters.
  • Paul’s choice of “κοιμωμένων” over “θνῄσκω” (to die) in verse 13 emphasizes the temporary nature of death for believers.
  • The phrase “ἐν λόγῳ κυρίου” (by the word of the Lord) in verse 15 uses the instrumental ἐν rather than διά, emphasizing divine authority rather than mere agency.
  • The selection of “ἁρπαγησόμεθα” over milder terms like “ἀναλαμβάνω” (take up) emphasizes the sudden, supernatural nature of the event.
  • The use of “ἀπάντησιν” (meeting) in verse 17 rather than συνάντησις reflects formal reception terminology used for visiting dignitaries.
  • The phrase “καὶ οὕτως” (and thus) rather than “καὶ τότε” (and then) in verse 17 emphasizes the permanent result rather than mere sequence.

1 Thessalonians 4 Unique Insights

The chapter’s discussion of sexual ethics reflects significant overlap with both Jewish and Greco-Roman moral philosophy, but with distinctive emphasis on the body as a temple of the Holy Spirit. The Stoic philosopher Musonius Rufus, a contemporary of Paul, similarly argued for sexual self-control, but Paul grounds his ethic in God’s calling rather than human reason.

Early rabbinic sources provide interesting parallels to Paul’s teaching about proper and improper sexual conduct. The Mishnah tractate Kiddushin discusses similar themes about marriage and sexual ethics, though Paul’s teaching transcends ritual purity concerns to focus on heart transformation.

The description of the Messiah’s return contains elements that would have been particularly meaningful to the Thessalonians. The imagery of the trumpet and gathering in the air would have recalled both Roman imperial visits and Jewish apocalyptic expectations, creating a powerful synthesis of cultural metaphors.

Archaeological evidence from Thessalonica reveals the prevalence of emperor worship and the imperial cult, against which Paul’s teaching about the true King’s return would have been particularly striking. The use of παρουσία terminology directly challenged imperial claims while asserting the Messiah’s supreme authority.

The concept of meeting the Lord “in the air” gains additional significance when understood against ancient beliefs about the air being the domain of evil spirits. This ascension imagery suggests triumph over these powers, echoing themes found in Ephesians 2:2.

1 Thessalonians 4 Connections to Yeshua

The chapter’s emphasis on holy living directly connects to the Messiah’s teaching about moral purity and preparation for His return, as seen in passages like Matthew 24:42-44. The call to sexual purity reflects His higher standard of righteousness taught in the Sermon on the Mount.

The detailed teaching about the resurrection and rapture of believers builds directly on Yeshua’s promises in John 14:3 about coming again to receive His people. Paul’s revelation here provides additional detail about how this promise will be fulfilled, showing continuity between the Messiah’s teaching and apostolic doctrine.

Moreover, the description of believers being “caught up” to meet the Lord presents Him as the divine Bridegroom coming for His bride, the church, fulfilling wedding imagery that Yeshua Himself used in parables like Matthew 25:1-13.

1 Thessalonians 4 Scriptural Echoes

The chapter’s teaching about sexual purity echoes numerous Old Testament passages, particularly Leviticus 20:7-8 regarding God’s call to holiness. The emphasis on not taking advantage of others recalls prophetic denunciations of sexual exploitation.

The eschatological portions resonate with several prophetic texts. The trumpet call recalls Isaiah 27:13 and Zechariah 9:14, while the gathering of God’s people echoes Deuteronomy 30:4.

The concept of resurrection connects to passages like Daniel 12:2 and Isaiah 26:19, showing how Paul’s teaching develops these themes while providing new details about the order of events.

1 Thessalonians 4 Devotional

This chapter challenges us to live lives worthy of our calling while maintaining hope in the Messiah’s return. The emphasis on sexual purity reminds us that our bodies are temples of the Holy Spirit and that God’s standards for holiness remain unchanged despite shifting cultural norms.

The teaching about the resurrection provides comfort in grief and motivation for holy living. Knowing that death is not the end for believers should transform how we view both life and death. This hope isn’t meant to make us passive but to inspire us to live purposefully, knowing our labor in the Lord isn’t in vain.

These truths should also affect how we relate to others, particularly in showing sensitivity to those grieving while maintaining biblical hope. The chapter’s final emphasis on encouraging one another with these truths reminds us that eschatological hope should build up the community of faith.

Did You Know

  • The word “rapture” comes from the Latin translation (rapiemur) of the Greek ἁρπαγησόμεθα in verse 17, meaning “we will be caught up.”
  • Thessalonica was a major Roman commercial center where imperial cult worship was mandatory for business guild membership, making the teaching about the true King’s return particularly relevant.
  • The reference to “sleep” for death was common in ancient Greek epitaphs, but Paul transforms its meaning by connecting it to resurrection hope.
  • Ancient Greek philosophers often used the metaphor of “walking” (περιπατεῖν) to describe philosophical schools and their teachings.
  • The trumpet imagery would have recalled both Roman military signals and Jewish religious ceremonies, creating a powerful cross-cultural metaphor.
  • Archaeological evidence from first-century Thessalonica shows widespread sexual immorality connected to pagan temple worship, explaining Paul’s emphasis on sexual ethics.
  • The Greek word παρουσία was commonly used on coins and inscriptions to celebrate emperor visits, giving Paul’s use of it for the Messiah’s return political implications.
  • The concept of meeting in the “air” challenged ancient beliefs about this realm being controlled by evil spirits.
  • The command structure of the Roman army in Thessalonica used similar gathering and trumpet signals to those Paul describes for the Lord’s return.
  • The Greek term for “vessel” (σκεῦος) was used in both rabbinic and Greek philosophical writings to describe the body’s relationship to the soul.

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Jean Paul Joseph
Jean Paul Joseph

After a dramatic early morning encounter with King Jesus, I just couldn’t put my Bible down. The F.O.G took a hold of me and this website was born. Learn more about the F.O.G.

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