1 Samuel Chapter 30

The Amalekites Raid Ziklag

1And it came to pass, when David and his men were come to Ziklag on the third day, that the Amalekites had invaded the south, and Ziklag, and smitten Ziklag, and burned it with fire; 2And had taken the women captives, that were therein: they slew not any, either great or small, but carried them away, and went on their way. 3So David and his men came to the city, and, behold, it was burned with fire; and their wives, and their sons, and their daughters, were taken captives. 4Then David and the people that were with him lifted up their voice and wept, until they had no more power to weep. 5And David's two wives were taken captives, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite. 6And David was greatly distressed; for the people spake of stoning him, because the soul of all the people was grieved, every man for his sons and for his daughters: but David encouraged himself in the LORD his God.

David Destroys the Amalekites

7And David said to Abiathar the priest, Ahimelech's son, I pray thee, bring me hither the ephod. And Abiathar brought thither the ephod to David. 8And David inquired at the LORD, saying, Shall I pursue after this troop? shall I overtake them? And he answered him, Pursue: for thou shalt surely overtake them, and without fail recover all. 9So David went, he and the six hundred men that were with him, and came to the brook Besor, where those that were left behind stayed. 10But David pursued, he and four hundred men: for two hundred abode behind, which were so faint that they could not go over the brook Besor.

11And they found an Egyptian in the field, and brought him to David, and gave him bread, and he did eat; and they made him drink water; 12And they gave him a piece of a cake of figs, and two clusters of raisins: and when he had eaten, his spirit came again to him: for he had eaten no bread, nor drunk any water, three days and three nights. 13And David said unto him, To whom belongest thou? and whence art thou? And he said, I am a young man of Egypt, servant to an Amalekite; and my master left me, because three days agone I fell sick. 14We made an invasion upon the south of the Cherethites, and upon the coast which belongeth to Judah, and upon the south of Caleb; and we burned Ziklag with fire. 15And David said to him, Canst thou bring me down to this company? And he said, Swear unto me by God, that thou wilt neither kill me, nor deliver me into the hands of my master, and I will bring thee down to this company.

16And when he had brought him down, behold, they were spread abroad upon all the earth, eating and drinking, and dancing, because of all the great spoil that they had taken out of the land of the Philistines, and out of the land of Judah. 17And David smote them from the twilight even unto the evening of the next day: and there escaped not a man of them, save four hundred young men, which rode upon camels, and fled. 18And David recovered all that the Amalekites had carried away: and David rescued his two wives. 19And there was nothing lacking to them, neither small nor great, neither sons nor daughters, neither spoil, nor any thing that they had taken to them: David recovered all. 20And David took all the flocks and the herds, which they drave before those other cattle, and said, This is David's spoil.

The Spoils are Divided

21And David came to the two hundred men, which were so faint that they could not follow David, whom they had made also to abide at the brook Besor: and they went forth to meet David, and to meet the people that were with him: and when David came near to the people, he saluted them. 22Then answered all the wicked men and men of Belial, of those that went with David, and said, Because they went not with us, we will not give them ought of the spoil that we have recovered, save to every man his wife and his children, that they may lead them away, and depart. 23Then said David, Ye shall not do so, my brethren, with that which the LORD hath given us, who hath preserved us, and delivered the company that came against us into our hand. 24For who will hearken unto you in this matter? but as his part is that goeth down to the battle, so shall his part be that tarrieth by the stuff: they shall part alike. 25And it was so from that day forward, that he made it a statute and an ordinance for Israel unto this day.

26And when David came to Ziklag, he sent of the spoil unto the elders of Judah, even to his friends, saying, Behold a present for you of the spoil of the enemies of the LORD; 27To them which were in Bethel, and to them which were in south Ramoth, and to them which were in Jattir, 28And to them which were in Aroer, and to them which were in Siphmoth, and to them which were in Eshtemoa, 29And to them which were in Rachal, and to them which were in the cities of the Jerahmeelites, and to them which were in the cities of the Kenites, 30And to them which were in Hormah, and to them which were in Chorashan, and to them which were in Athach, 31And to them which were in Hebron, and to all the places where David himself and his men were wont to haunt.

King James Bible

Text courtesy of BibleProtector.com.

The Amalekites Raid Ziklag

1 It happened, when David and his men had come to Ziklag on the third day, that the Amalekites had made a raid on the South, and on Ziklag, and had struck Ziklag, and burned it with fire, 2 and had taken captive the women and all who were therein, both small and great. They didn’t kill any, but carried them off, and went their way. 3 When David and his men came to the city, behold, it was burned with fire; and their wives, and their sons, and their daughters, were taken captive. 4 Then David and the people who were with him lifted up their voice and wept, until they had no more power to weep. 5 David’s two wives were taken captive, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite. 6 David was greatly distressed; for the people spoke of stoning him, because the soul of all the people was grieved, every man for his sons and for his daughters: but David strengthened himself in Yahweh his God.

David Destroys the Amalekites

7 David said to Abiathar the priest, the son of Ahimelech, “Please bring me here the ephod.” Abiathar brought the ephod to David. 8 David inquired of Yahweh, saying, “If I pursue after this troop, shall I overtake them?” He answered him, “Pursue; for you shall surely overtake them, and shall without fail recover all.” 9 So David went, he and the six hundred men who were with him, and came to the brook Besor, where those who were left behind stayed. 10 But David pursued, he and four hundred men; for two hundred stayed behind, who were so faint that they couldn’t go over the brook Besor.

11 They found an Egyptian in the field, and brought him to David, and gave him bread, and he ate; and they gave him water to drink. 12 They gave him a piece of a cake of figs, and two clusters of raisins. when he had eaten, his spirit came again to him; for he had eaten no bread, nor drunk any water, three days and three nights. 13 David asked him, “To whom do you belong? Where are you from?” He said, “I am a young man of Egypt, servant to an Amalekite; and my master left me, because three days ago I fell sick. 14 We made a raid on the South of the Cherethites, and on that which belongs to Judah, and on the South of Caleb; and we burned Ziklag with fire.” 15 David said to him, “Will you bring me down to this troop?” He said, “Swear to me by God that you will neither kill me, nor deliver me up into the hands of my master, and I will bring you down to this troop.”

16 When he had brought him down, behold, they were spread around over all the ground, eating, drinking, and dancing, because of all the great spoil that they had taken out of the land of the Philistines, and out of the land of Judah. 17 David struck them from the twilight even to the evening of the next day. Not a man of them escaped from there, except four hundred young men, who rode on camels and fled. 18 David recovered all that the Amalekites had taken; and David rescued his two wives. 19 There was nothing lacking to them, neither small nor great, neither sons nor daughters, neither spoil, nor anything that they had taken to them. David brought back all. 20 David took all the flocks and the herds, which they drove before those other livestock, and said, “This is David’s spoil.”

The Spoils Are Divided

21 David came to the two hundred men, who were so faint that they could not follow David, whom also they had made to stay at the brook Besor; and they went forth to meet David, and to meet the people who were with him. When David came near to the people, he greeted them. 22 Then all the wicked men and base fellows, of those who went with David, answered and said, “Because they didn’t go with us, we will not give them anything of the spoil that we have recovered, except to every man his wife and his children, that he may lead them away, and depart.” 23 Then David said, “You shall not do so, my brothers, with that which Yahweh has given to us, who has preserved us, and delivered the troop that came against us into our hand. 24 Who will listen to you in this matter? For as his share is who goes down to the battle, so shall his share be who tarries by the baggage: they shall share alike.” 25 It was so from that day forward, that he made it a statute and an ordinance for Israel to this day.

26 When David came to Ziklag, he sent of the spoil to the elders of Judah, even to his friends, saying, “Behold, a present for you of the spoil of the enemies of Yahweh.” 27 He sent it to those who were in Bethel, and to those who were in Ramoth of the South, and to those who were in Jattir, 28 and to those who were in Aroer, and to those who were in Siphmoth, and to those who were in Eshtemoa, 29 and to those who were in Racal, and to those who were in the cities of the Jerahmeelites, and to those who were in the cities of the Kenites, 30 and to those who were in Hormah, and to those who were in Borashan, and to those who were in Athach, 31 and to those who were in Hebron, and to all the places where David himself and his men used to stay.

The Amalekites Raid Ziklag

1 On the third day David and his men arrived in Ziklag, and the Amalekites had raided the Negev, attacked Ziklag, and burned it down. 2 They had taken captive the women and all a who were there, both young and old. They had not killed anyone, but had carried them off as they went on their way.

3 When David and his men came to the city, they found it burned down and their wives and sons and daughters taken captive. 4 So David and the troops with him lifted up their voices and wept until they had no strength left to weep.

5 David’s two wives, Ahinoam of Jezreel and Abigail the widow of Nabal of Carmel, had been taken captive. 6 And David was greatly distressed because the people spoke of stoning him, because the soul of every man grieved for his sons and daughters. But David found strength in the LORD his God.

David Destroys the Amalekites

7 Then David said to Abiathar the priest, the son of Ahimelech, “Bring me the ephod.”

So Abiathar brought it to him, 8 and David inquired of the LORD: “Should I pursue these raiders? Will I overtake them?”

“Pursue them,” the LORD replied, “for you will surely overtake them and rescue the captives.”

9 So David and his six hundred men went to the Brook of Besor, where some stayed behind 10 because two hundred men were too exhausted to cross the brook. But David and four hundred men continued in pursuit.

11 Now his men found an Egyptian in the field and brought him to David. They gave the man water to drink and food to eat— 12 a piece of a fig cake and two clusters of raisins. So he ate and was revived, for he had not had any food or water for three days and three nights.

13 Then David asked him, “To whom do you belong, and where are you from?”

“I am an Egyptian,” he replied, “the slave of an Amalekite. My master abandoned me three days ago when I fell ill. 14 We raided the Negev of the Cherethites, the territory of Judah, and the Negev of Caleb, and we burned down Ziklag.”

15 “Will you lead me to these raiders?” David asked.

And the man replied, “Swear to me by God that you will not kill me or deliver me into the hand of my master, and I will lead you to them.”

16 So he led David down, and there were the Amalekites spread out over all the land, eating, drinking, and celebrating the great amount of plunder they had taken from the land of the Philistines and the land of Judah. 17 And David struck them down from twilight until the evening of the next day. Not a man escaped, except four hundred young men who fled, riding off on camels.

18 So David recovered everything the Amalekites had taken, including his two wives. 19 Nothing was missing, young or old, son or daughter, or any of the plunder the Amalekites had taken. David brought everything back. 20 And he recovered all the flocks and herds, which his men drove ahead of the other livestock, calling out, “This is David’s plunder!”

The Spoils Are Divided

21 When David came to the two hundred men who had been too exhausted to follow him from the Brook of Besor, they came out to meet him and the troops with him. As David approached the men, he greeted them, 22 but all the wicked and worthless men among those who had gone with David said, “Because they did not go with us, we will not share with them the plunder we recovered, except for each man’s wife and children. They may take them and go.”

23 But David said, “My brothers, you must not do this with what the LORD has given us. He has protected us and delivered into our hands the raiders who came against us. 24 Who will listen to your proposal? The share of the one who went to battle will match the share of the one who stayed with the supplies. They will share alike.”

25 And so it has been from that day forward. David established this statute as an ordinance for Israel to this very day.

26 When David arrived in Ziklag, he sent some of the plunder to his friends, the elders of Judah, saying, “Here is a gift for you from the plunder of the LORD’s enemies.” 27 He sent gifts to those in Bethel, Ramoth Negev, and Jattir; 28 to those in Aroer, Siphmoth, and Eshtemoa; 29 to those in Racal and in the cities of the Jerahmeelites and Kenites; 30 to those in Hormah, Bor-ashan, and Athach; 31 and to those in Hebron and in all the places where David and his men had roamed.

Footnotes:

2 a LXX; Hebrew does not include and all .

The Amalekites Raid Ziklag

1And it cometh to pass, in the coming in of David and his men to Ziklag, on the third day, that the Amalekites have pushed unto the south, and unto Ziklag, and smite Ziklag, and burn it with fire, 2and they take captive the women who are in it; from small unto great they have not put any one to death, and they lead away, and go on their way. 3And David cometh in -- and his men -- unto the city, and lo, burnt with fire, and their wives, and their sons, and their daughters have been taken captive! 4And David lifteth up -- and the people who are with him -- their voice and weep, till that they have no power to weep. 5And the two wives of David have been taken captive, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail wife of Nabal the Carmelite; 6and David hath great distress, for the people have said to stone him, for the soul of all the people hath been bitter, each for his sons and for his daughters; and David doth strengthen himself in Jehovah his God.

David Destroys the Amalekites

7And David saith unto Abiathar the priest, son of Ahimelech, 'Bring nigh, I pray thee, to me the ephod;' and Abiathar bringeth nigh the ephod unto David, 8and David asketh at Jehovah, saying, 'I pursue after this troop -- do I overtake it?' And He saith to him, 'Pursue, for thou dost certainly overtake, and dost certainly deliver.' 9And David goeth on, he and six hundred men who are with him, and they come in unto the brook of Besor, and those left have stood still, 10and David pursueth, he and four hundred men, (and two hundred men stand still who have been too faint to pass over the brook of Besor),

11and they find a man, an Egyptian, in the field, and take him unto David, and give to him bread, and he eateth, and they cause him to drink water, 12and give to him a piece of a bunch of dried figs, and two bunches of raisins, and he eateth, and his spirit returneth unto him, for he hath not eaten bread nor drunk water three days and three nights. 13And David saith to him, 'Whose art thou? and whence art thou?' And he saith, 'An Egyptian youth I am, servant to a man, an Amalekite, and my lord forsaketh me, for I have been sick three days, 14we pushed to the south of the Cherethite, and against that which is to Judah, and against the south of Caleb, and Ziklag we burned with fire.' 15And David saith unto him, 'Dost thou bring me down unto this troop?' and he saith, 'Swear to me by God -- thou dost not put me to death, nor dost thou shut me up into the hand of my lord -- and I bring thee down unto this troop.'

16And he bringeth him down, and lo, they are spread out over the face of all the earth, eating, and drinking, and feasting, with all the great spoil which they have taken out of the land of the Philistines, and out of the land of Judah. 17And David smiteth them from the twilight even unto the evening of the morrow, and there hath not escaped of them a man, except four hundred young men who have ridden on the camels, and are fled. 18And David delivereth all that the Amalekites have taken; also his two wives hath David delivered. 19And there hath not lacked to them anything, from small unto great, and unto sons and daughters, and from the spoil, even unto all that they had taken to themselves, the whole hath David brought back, 20and David taketh the whole of the flock, and of the herd, they have led on before these cattle, and they say, 'This is David's spoil.'

The Spoils are Divided

21And David cometh in unto the two hundred men who were too faint to go after David, and whom they cause to abide at the brook of Besor, and they go out to meet David, and to meet the people who are with him, and David approacheth the people, and asketh of them of welfare. 22And every bad and worthless man, of the men who have gone with David, answereth, yea, they say, 'Because that they have not gone with us we do not give to them of the spoil which we have delivered, except each his wife and his children, and they lead away and go. 23And David saith, 'Ye do not do so, my brethren, with that which Jehovah hath given to us, and He doth preserve us, and doth give the troop which cometh against us into our hand; 24and who doth hearken to you in this thing? for as the portion of him who was brought down into battle, so also is the portion of him who is abiding by the vessels -- alike they share.' 25And it cometh to pass from that day and forward, that he appointeth it for a statute and for an ordinance for Israel unto this day.

26And David cometh in unto Ziklag, and sendeth of the spoil to the elders of Judah, to his friends, (saying, 'Lo, for you a blessing, of the spoil of the enemies of Jehovah),' 27to those in Beth-El, and to those in South Ramoth, and to those in Jattir, 28and to those in Aroer, and to those in Siphmoth, and to those in Eshtemoa, 29and to those in Rachal, and to those in the cities of the Jerahmeelites, and to those in the cities of the Kenites, 30and to those in Hormah, and to those in Chor-Ashan, and to those in Athach, 31and to those in Hebron, and to all the places where David had gone up and down, he and his men.

The F.O.G Commentary:

1What is the meaning of 1 Samuel 30?

1.1Introduction to 1 Samuel 30

1.2Context of 1 Samuel 30

1.3Ancient Key Word Study

1.4Compare & Contrast

1.51 Samuel 30 Unique Insights

1.61 Samuel 30 Connections to Yeshua

1.71 Samuel 30 Scriptural Echoes

1.81 Samuel 30 Devotional

1.9Did You Know

What is the meaning of 1 Samuel 30?

Introduction to 1 Samuel 30

1 Samuel 30 presents one of the most dramatic moments in David’s life before becoming king. This pivotal chapter showcases divine restoration after devastating loss, illustrating how God can turn our deepest sorrows into stepping stones toward our destiny. The narrative begins with David and his men returning to their town of Ziklag, only to find it burned and their families taken captive by the Amalekites. What follows is a masterclass in leadership, faith, and divine guidance during crisis.

Context of 1 Samuel 30

This chapter is strategically positioned between David’s time with the Philistines and his ascension to kingship after Saul’s death. It serves as the final test of David’s character and leadership before he becomes king of Judah. The preceding chapters show David living among the Philistines as a fugitive from Saul, leading to a complex political situation where he must balance loyalty to his protectors while maintaining his integrity as God’s anointed future king of Israel.

Within the broader biblical narrative, this chapter exemplifies several key themes that resonate throughout Scripture: divine restoration, godly leadership in crisis, the importance of seeking יהוה (Yahweh)’s guidance, and the principle of equitable sharing. It also serves as a precursor to David’s kingship, demonstrating his capacity to lead with justice and mercy—qualities that would later characterize his reign and foreshadow the perfect reign of the Messiah.

Ancient Key Word Study

שאל (sha’al) – “inquired” (v.8): This verb, used when David seeks divine guidance, carries deeper connotations than mere asking. It implies a formal petition before God, often through the Urim and Thummim, and represents the proper protocol for seeking divine wisdom. The word appears frequently in contexts where leaders seek God’s direction in military matters.
התחזק (hitchazek) – “strengthened himself” (v.6): A reflexive verb in the Hithpael stem, indicating David’s active role in finding strength. The root חזק (chazak) means “to be strong,” but this form suggests a conscious decision to draw strength from one’s relationship with God, similar to how it’s used in Ephesians 6:10.
גדוד (gedud) – “raiding party” (v.8): This military term specifically refers to a mobile strike force used for quick raids rather than traditional warfare. Its usage here provides insight into the Amalekites’ tactical approach and the nature of desert warfare in ancient times.
חלק (chalak) – “share” (v.24): This key term establishes what becomes known as “David’s Law” regarding equal distribution of spoils. The root meaning suggests smooth or proportionate division, emphasizing fairness in distribution.
פשט (pashat) – “spread out” (v.16): This verb describes the Amalekites’ vulnerable position, scattered and celebrating. The word choice suggests divine providence in timing, as it’s often used to describe military vulnerability.
רוח (ruach) – “spirit” (v.12): Used in describing the revival of the Egyptian servant, this word carries multiple meanings including breath, spirit, and life force. Its usage here parallels other biblical narratives of restoration and revival.
משפט (mishpat) – “ordinance” (v.25): This term denotes more than just a law; it represents divine justice and righteous governance. David’s decision becomes a lasting statute, demonstrating his alignment with divine principles of equity.
בשורה (besorah) – “good news” (v.26): This word, from which we get the New Testament term “gospel,” appears here in its original context of bringing good tidings. It’s significant that David’s first act after victory is to share the blessing with others.

Compare & Contrast

Verse 6’s statement “David strengthened himself in יהוה his God” could have been phrased as “David waited for God to strengthen him.” The active voice emphasizes David’s role in engaging with God rather than passive waiting, teaching that while strength comes from God, we must actively seek it.
The phrase “inquired of יהוה” (v.8) uses שאל rather than דרש (darash), another word for seeking God. שאל implies a formal, structured inquiry, likely through the ephod, showing David’s respect for proper spiritual authority channels.
The description of the Amalekites as “eating and drinking and celebrating” (v.16) uses specific terms that echo pagan festivities, contrasting with Israel’s sacred celebrations. The word choice highlights their irreverent attitude toward their plunder.
The phrase “David’s share” (v.20) employs terminology typically used for royal portions, subtly reinforcing his future kingship without explicitly stating it.
The “law and ordinance” established (v.25) uses legal terminology that echoes Mosaic legislation, elevating David’s decision to the level of divine law rather than mere military protocol.

1 Samuel 30 Unique Insights

The chapter contains several layers of prophetic and theological significance often overlooked in casual reading. The early rabbinical commentary Mechilta draws a parallel between David’s pursuit of the Amalekites and the future Messianic victory over Israel’s enemies. The specific mention of “two hundred men who were too exhausted to cross the brook Besor” has been seen as a metaphor for those who support the kingdom’s advancement through prayer and support rather than direct combat.

Can a Bible Come to Life over a Coffee?

This biblical entry has a unique origin story. Find out how it came to be—and why your visit today is about so much more than words. Get your coffee ready—God’s about to visit. But will you open the door for Him?

I’m ready

The timing of this crisis—just before David’s kingship—mirrors a pattern seen throughout Scripture where divine promotion is preceded by severe testing. The Midrash Shmuel notes that David’s decision to share the spoils equally with those who “stayed with the baggage” established a principle later reflected in the Temple service, where both front-line priests and supporting Levites shared in the temple offerings.

The chapter demonstrates an interesting interplay between human initiative and divine guidance. David’s inquiry of the Lord through the ephod shows a balanced approach to spiritual leadership—neither passive waiting nor presumptuous action. The Targum Jonathan emphasizes that the Egyptian servant’s providential discovery was divine orchestration, comparing it to Joseph’s brothers finding his silver cup.

1 Samuel 30 Connections to Yeshua

This chapter prefigures several aspects of the Messiah’s ministry and character. David’s role as a deliverer who recovers all that was lost points to Yeshua’s ultimate work of restoration, as promised in Joel 2:25. The equal distribution of spoils foreshadows the Messiah’s generous sharing of His victory with all believers, regardless of their apparent contribution to the kingdom.

David’s leadership in crisis, particularly his ability to strengthen himself in God when everyone spoke of stoning him, prefigures the Messiah’s solitary stand in Gethsemane when all would forsake Him. The restoration of families and possessions points to the greater restoration the Messiah brings, fulfilling Isaiah 61:1-3.

1 Samuel 30 Scriptural Echoes

This chapter resonates with numerous biblical passages and themes. The recovery of all that was lost echoes Job 42:10, where God restored Job’s fortunes. David’s equal distribution of spoils finds parallel in Joshua 22:8, where returning warriors shared spoils with those who remained behind.

The practice of inquiring of the Lord through the ephod connects to Exodus 28:30, where the Urim and Thummim were established for divine guidance. The defeat of the Amalekites fulfills the divine command given in Exodus 17:14.

1 Samuel 30 Devotional

This chapter offers profound lessons for modern believers facing their own crises. When everything seems lost, like David, we can choose to strengthen ourselves in the Lord. This involves active engagement with God through prayer, worship, and remembrance of His faithfulness rather than passive despair.

The principle of equal sharing reminds us that in God’s kingdom, all roles are valuable. Whether we’re on the front lines of ministry or supporting through prayer and resources, our reward is the same. This challenges us to value all contributions to God’s work and to share His blessings generously.

David’s immediate inquiry of the Lord before pursuing the Amalekites teaches us to seek God’s guidance before taking action, even when the course seems obvious. His example encourages us to maintain spiritual disciplines even in crisis.

Did You Know

The brook Besor mentioned in this chapter was likely located in the northern Negev region and would have been dry most of the year except during flash floods, making the exhaustion of David’s men more understandable.
The Egyptian servant’s three-day fast mirrors other biblical three-day periods of crisis followed by deliverance, potentially foreshadowing the Messiah’s three days in the tomb.
The Amalekites’ practice of not killing captives was unusual for the time period, suggesting they were primarily motivated by slave trading rather than territorial conquest.
David’s sharing of spoils with the elders of Judah (v.26-31) names specific cities that would later form the core of his kingdom, showing his political wisdom even in spiritual victories.
The ephod used for inquiry was likely the high priest’s garment that contained the Urim and Thummim, suggesting Abiathar the priest had rescued it during the massacre at Nob.
The number of cities that received gifts from David (v.26-31) was symbolic in Jewish tradition, representing complete coverage of the tribal territory.
The Amalekites’ celebration with “eating and drinking” uses language similar to that describing Israel’s apostasy with the golden calf, suggesting spiritual parallels between these enemies of God’s people.
The “law” David established about equal sharing of spoils became part of Israel’s military code and was cited in later rabbinic discussions about fair compensation in various contexts.
The specific mention of “flocks and herds” in the spoils connects to Abraham’s earlier prosperity, suggesting divine blessing on David as Abraham’s spiritual heir.

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After a dramatic early morning encounter with King Jesus, I just couldn’t put my Bible down. The F.O.G took a hold of me and this website was born. What is the F.O.G?

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