Strong’s G5522: From Hebrew and Aramaic origins, χοῦς refers to dust, soil, or earth, particularly in the context of ceremonial actions. Used symbolically in the New Testament to represent rejection and prophetic testimony, especially in apostolic ministry contexts.

U- Unveiling the Word

The Greek word χοῦς carries profound significance in biblical contexts, particularly in its ceremonial and symbolic uses. Derived from Hebrew and Aramaic roots, it represents more than mere physical dust or soil – it embodies powerful theological concepts of testimony, rejection, and divine judgment. In the New Testament, its most notable usage appears in the context of apostolic ministry, where shaking off dust from one’s feet served as a solemn witness against those who rejected the gospel message. This symbolic action, rooted in Jewish custom, communicated both the gravity of refusing God’s message and the clear conscience of His messengers. Today, this concept continues to remind believers of their responsibility to faithfully proclaim the gospel while recognizing that its reception ultimately lies in God’s hands.

N – Necessary Information

• Greek Word: χοῦς, chous, /khoose/
• Detailed pronunciation: khü’s (as in ‘choose’ with a slight aspirated ‘kh’ sound)
• Part of Speech: Noun

Etymology:

• Root: χέω (to pour)
• Derived from Hebrew עָפָר (aphar) and Aramaic equivalents
• Related to concepts of earth, dust, and powder in Semitic languages

D – Defining Meanings

• Dust, particularly that which can be raised or blown
• Loose soil or earth
• Fine powder or debris from the ground

For compound words:
Not applicable as χοῦς is a simple noun

Translation Options:

• Dust – Most precise in ceremonial contexts
• Soil – Appropriate for general earthen material
• Earth – Useful when emphasizing the material’s natural origin

E – Exploring Similar Words

• κονιορτός (koniortos) /kon-ee-or-tos/ – specifically refers to raised dust or dust clouds
  See G2868
• γῆ (gē) /ghay/ – broader term for earth or ground
  See G1093
• ἔδαφος (edaphos) /ed-af-os/ – ground or base of anything
  See G1475

R – Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Noun Features:

• Case: Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative
• Number: Singular
• Gender: Masculine
• Declension: Third

The word follows third declension patterns:

• Nominative: χοῦς
• Genitive: χοός
• Dative: χοΐ
• Accusative: χοῦν

S – Studying Lexicon Insights

The lexicons provide rich insight into χοῦς, emphasizing its ceremonial significance beyond mere physical dust. BDAG highlights its use in ritualistic contexts, particularly in apostolic practice. Thayer’s explores its connection to Hebrew concepts of dust as a symbol of mortality and divine judgment. LSJ notes its classical usage in various contexts from agriculture to religious ceremonies. Vine’s emphasizes its symbolic significance in New Testament teaching, while Moulton and Milligan provide papyrological evidence of its use in everyday contexts. The word carries connotations of both the material and metaphorical, serving as a powerful symbol in biblical narrative and teaching.

T – Tracing the Scriptures

First appearance:
And whosoever shall not receive you, nor hear you, when ye depart thence, shake off the dust [χοῦς] under your feet for a testimony against them. Verily I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for Sodom and Gomorrha in the day of judgment, than for that city. Mark 6:11

Additional References:
Matthew 10:14, Luke 9:5, Luke 10:11, Acts 13:51

A – Analyzing Classical Usage

N – Noteworthy Summary

The word χοῦς embodies profound theological significance in its New Testament usage. While seemingly simple in meaning, it carries the weight of divine testimony and judgment. In the context of apostolic ministry, the act of shaking off dust became a powerful symbol of spiritual accountability and rejection of the gospel. This practice reminds us that the good news of King Jesus demands a response – acceptance or rejection – with eternal consequences. The word teaches us about faithful witness-bearing while trusting in God’s sovereignty over the results of our evangelistic efforts.

D – Did You Know?

• The practice of shaking dust off one’s feet was a common Jewish custom when leaving Gentile territories
• In ancient near-eastern culture, dust often symbolized mourning and repentance
• The word appears in several ancient Greek medical texts referring to powder-based remedies

Strong’s G5522: A masculine noun denoting dust or loose earth, particularly significant in ceremonial contexts. Used symbolically in the New Testament to represent testimony against gospel rejection, rooted in Jewish cultural practices and carrying profound theological significance in apostolic ministry.

Part of speech: Masculine Noun

Tags: dust, earth, soil, testimony, rejection, apostolic ministry, ceremonial actions, judgment, evangelism, Jewish customs​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​