Strong’s G5476: A locative adverb meaning “on the ground” or “to the earth,” derived from ancient Indo-European roots. Used in contexts emphasizing humility, earthly positioning, and symbolic actions, particularly in Jesus’ healing ministry.

U- Unveiling the Word

χαμαί represents more than just a physical location – it embodies a profound theological truth about divine condescension. This adverb, denoting “on the ground” or “to the earth,” appears in significant moments of Jesus’ ministry, particularly in healing contexts. Its usage in John 9:6 where Jesus spits on the ground to make clay for healing a blind man, demonstrates both His connection to creation (echoing Genesis’ dust-forming narrative) and His willingness to engage with the earthly realm. The word carries undertones of humility and incarnational theology, showing how the divine meets humanity at ground level.

N – Necessary Information

• Greek Word: χαμαί, chamai, /kha-MAI/
• Detailed pronunciation: kh (as in Bach) + ah + MY
• Part of Speech: Adverb

Etymology:

• Root: Derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰém- meaning “earth”
• Related to ancient Greek χθών (chthōn) meaning “ground”
• Locative ending -αί indicating position or direction

D – Defining Meanings

• On the ground
• To the earth
• At ground level

Translation Options:

• “on the ground” – captures the locative sense most precisely
• “earthward” – emphasizes directional movement
• “at ground level” – useful for contexts requiring specific positioning

E – Exploring Similar Words

• χθών (chthōn) /kh-THOHN/ – more poetic term for earth/ground – See G5522
• γῆ (gē) /gay/ – general word for earth/land – See G1093
• ἔδαφος (edaphos) /ED-ah-fos/ – ground/base – See G1475

R – Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

As an adverb, χαμαί is indeclinable, meaning it doesn’t change form based on case or number. However, its locative ending -αί indicates position or direction, similar to the Latin locative case.

• Related forms: None as it’s an invariable adverb
• Cross-references: χαμᾶζε (chamaze) – rare variant meaning “to the ground”

S – Studying Lexicon Insights

χαμαί appears in various lexical resources with remarkable consistency in meaning. BDAG emphasizes its concrete spatial meaning while noting its limited NT usage. Thayer’s highlights its connection to ancient Indo-European roots. LSJ provides extensive classical usage examples showing its consistent meaning across centuries. Vine’s connects it to themes of humility and divine condescension. Moulton and Milligan note its presence in papyri, showing its use in everyday Koine Greek. The word maintains its basic meaning “on/to the ground” throughout Greek literature while accumulating theological significance in biblical contexts.

T – Tracing the Scriptures

First appearance:
John 9:6 “When He had said this, He spat on [χαμαί] the ground and made clay of the spittle, and applied the clay to his eyes.”

Additional References:
John 18:6

A – Analyzing Classical Usage

N – Noteworthy Summary

χαμαί beautifully illustrates how the Messiah’s ministry operated at ground level, literally and metaphorically. In John 9:6, Jesus uses earth mixed with His own spittle to heal, echoing creation and demonstrating His willingness to engage with the material world He created. This word reminds us that the good news involves God meeting us where we are – at ground level – to lift us up to where He is.

D – Did You Know?

• χαμαί is one of the few surviving locative adverbs from ancient Greek still found in the New Testament
• Its Indo-European root *ǵʰém- is also the source of Latin “humus” and “humble”
• The word appears in ancient medical texts describing healers working with earth-based remedies

Strong’s G5476: A locative adverb meaning “on the ground” or “to the earth,” derived from ancient Indo-European roots. Used in contexts emphasizing humility, earthly positioning, and symbolic actions, particularly in Jesus’ healing ministry.

Part of speech: Adverb

Tags: ground, earth, location, healing, humility, incarnation, John’s Gospel, ministry of Jesus, creation, divine condescension​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​