Strong’s G5412: From φόρτος (burden); to load up, to overburden or impose a weight. Significantly used in Jesus’s invitation to the weary, promising rest from physical and spiritual burdens. Reflects the cultural context of manual labor and religious obligations in first-century Judea.

U – Unveiling the Word

φορτίζω carries profound theological significance in its representation of both physical and spiritual burdens. The word literally means “to load” or “to burden,” but its usage in the New Testament extends beyond mere physical weights to encompass spiritual and emotional burdens. In Matthew 11:28, Jesus uses this word to address those struggling under religious and moral obligations, offering divine rest as an alternative. The early church understood this term as representing the oppressive nature of legalistic religious systems versus the liberating grace of Christ. Today, this word continues to resonate with believers who struggle under various burdens, pointing to Christ’s promise of rest and spiritual freedom.

N – Necessary Information

• Greek Word: φορτίζω, phortizo, /forˈti.zō/
• Detailed pronunciation: for-TEE-zoh (where ‘for’ as in “forward,” ‘tee’ as in “team,” and ‘zoh’ as in “zone”)
• Part of Speech: Verb

Etymology:

• Root: φόρτος (phortos) meaning “burden” or “load”
• Suffix: -ίζω (-izō) verbal suffix indicating causative action
• Function: Creates a verb meaning “to cause to be burdened” or “to load”

D – Defining Meanings

• Primary meanings:

1. To load or burden physically
2. To overburden or weigh down
3. To impose obligations or responsibilities

For compound words: Not a compound word, but derived from φόρτος with the -ίζω suffix creating a causative verb.

Translation Options:

1. “To burden” – Best captures both physical and metaphorical meanings
2. “To load down” – Emphasizes the physical aspect of the action
3. “To weigh down” – Conveys both physical and emotional aspects

E – Exploring Similar Words

1. βαρέω (bareō) /baˈre.ō/ – to weigh down, implies more oppressive weight See G916
2. ἐπιβαρέω (epibareō) /e.pi.baˈre.ō/ – to put a burden upon, more intensive See G1912
3. βαστάζω (bastazō) /basˈta.zō/ – to bear or carry, more general term See G941

R – Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Verb Features:

• Tense: Present/Aorist/Perfect
• Voice: Active/Passive
• Mood: Indicative/Subjunctive/Imperative
• Person: First/Second/Third
• Number: Singular/Plural
• Aspect: Ongoing/Completed action

Example English morphology:

• Present: I burden
• Past: I burdened
• Perfect: I have burdened
• Passive: I am burdened

Cross-references:

• Noun form: φόρτος (burden)
• Adjective form: φορτικός (burdensome)

S – Studying Lexicon Insights

The major lexicons provide comprehensive insight into φορτίζω. BDAG emphasizes its use in both literal and metaphorical contexts, particularly noting its significance in Matthew 11:28. Thayer’s lexicon connects it to the broader semantic field of burden-bearing in ancient Greek literature. LSJ traces its development from maritime usage (loading ships) to metaphorical applications. Vine’s emphasizes the word’s connection to religious burdens in New Testament times. Strong’s connects it to the conceptual root of bearing burdens, while Moulton and Milligan provide examples from papyri showing its use in commercial contexts. The LEH shows its usage in Septuagint texts, particularly in contexts of physical labor and religious obligations.

T – Tracing the Scriptures

First appearance:
“Come to Me, all you who labor and are heavy laden [φορτίζω], and I will give you rest.”

Additional References:
Matthew 11:28
Luke 11:46

A – Analyzing Classical Usage

N – Noteworthy Summary

φορτίζω powerfully illustrates the contrast between the burdensome nature of legalistic religion and the liberating grace of Christ. Its use in Matthew 11:28 presents one of the most beautiful invitations in Scripture, where Jesus offers rest to those weighed down by both physical and spiritual burdens. This word encapsulates the good news that in Christ, we find not just temporary relief but permanent rest for our souls. Jesus’s use of this term reveals His understanding of human struggle and His divine solution – exchanging our heavy burdens for His light yoke.

D – Did You Know?

1. The word was commonly used in shipping contexts to describe cargo loading
2. In religious texts, it often depicted the burden of ceremonial laws
3. Early Christian writers used this term to contrast law and grace

Strong’s G5412: A verb meaning to impose a burden or load, derived from φόρτος (burden). Used both literally for physical loads and metaphorically for spiritual burdens. Features prominently in Jesus’s invitation to find rest from life’s burdens, emphasizing divine grace versus religious obligation.

Part of speech: Verb

Tags: burden, rest, labor, weariness, christ’s-invitation, grace, religious-burdens, spiritual-rest, divine-relief, comfort​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​