Strong’s G5356: From G5351; decay, ruin, corruption, destruction, or perishing. Often denotes moral corruption and physical decay. In philosophical usage, refers to the natural process of deterioration. In NT theology, represents the bondage of creation and the corrupting power of sin, contrasted with the promise of redemption.

U – Unveiling the Word

The Greek word φθορά (phthora) carries profound theological implications in the New Testament, particularly regarding the effects of sin and the promise of redemption. Its primary meaning encompasses both physical decay and moral corruption, painting a vivid picture of creation’s current state under the bondage of deterioration. In early church writings, φθορά became a key term for discussing humanity’s fallen nature and the universal effects of sin on creation. The word’s secondary meanings include destruction, ruin, and perishing, emphasizing the comprehensive nature of corruption’s influence. This concept remains deeply relevant today as we witness both physical decay in our world and moral corruption in society, while holding onto the hope of creation’s ultimate liberation through the Messiah’s redemptive work.

N – Necessary Information

• Greek Word: φθορά, phthora, /ftho-RAH/
• Detailed pronunciation: ph (as in ‘phone’) + tho (as in ‘thorough’) + RA (emphasized)
• Part of Speech: Feminine Noun

Etymology:

• Root: φθείρω (phtheirō) – to corrupt, destroy, spoil
• Suffix: -ρα (-ra) – forms abstract nouns from verb stems
• Function: Creates a noun expressing the result or state of corruption/decay

D – Defining Meanings

• Physical decay or deterioration
• Moral corruption or depravity
• Destruction or ruin
• Natural process of perishing

For compound words: Not applicable as φθορά is not a compound word

Translation Options:

• “Corruption” – Best captures both physical and moral aspects
• “Decay” – Emphasizes the natural process of deterioration
• “Perishability” – Focuses on the temporary nature of material existence

E – Exploring Similar Words

• διαφθορά (diaphthora) /dee-af-tho-RAH/ – complete corruption or decay
  See G1312
• ἀφθαρσία (aphtharsia) /af-thar-SEE-ah/ – incorruption, immortality
  See G861
• καταφθορά (kataphthora) /ka-ta-ftho-RAH/ – utter corruption
  See G2704

R – Reviewing the Word’s Morphology

Noun Features:

• Case: Can appear in all cases (Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative)
• Number: Singular and Plural forms exist
• Gender: Feminine
• Declension: First declension

Example morphological changes:

• Nominative: φθορά (phthora)
• Genitive: φθορᾶς (phthoras)
• Dative: φθορᾷ (phthora)
• Accusative: φθοράν (phthoran)

S – Studying Lexicon Insights

The comprehensive study of φθορά across major lexicons reveals its rich semantic range. BDAG emphasizes its dual application to both physical decay and moral corruption, while Thayer’s highlights its connection to the natural order’s susceptibility to decay. LSJ provides extensive classical usage examples, showing its development from physical corruption to moral degradation. Vine’s especially notes its theological significance in relation to creation’s bondage and future liberation. Strong’s connects it to its verbal root φθείρω, while Moulton and Milligan provide papyri evidence of its use in commercial contexts regarding spoilage of goods. LEH adds insights from Septuagint usage, where it often describes moral decay and divine judgment.

T – Tracing the Scriptures

First appearance:
Romans 8:21: “that the creation itself will be liberated from its bondage to decay [φθορά] and brought into the freedom and glory of the children of God.”

Additional References:
1 Corinthians 15:42, 1 Corinthians 15:50, Colossians 2:22, 2 Peter 1:4, 2 Peter 2:12, 2 Peter 2:19

A – Analyzing Classical Usage

N – Noteworthy Summary

The concept of φθορά presents a powerful theological framework for understanding both the present reality of creation’s bondage and the future hope of redemption. This word encapsulates the comprehensive effects of sin – physical decay, moral corruption, and spiritual death – while simultaneously pointing to the Messiah’s redemptive work. Through His resurrection, Jesus demonstrates His power over φθορά, promising not just spiritual renewal but the complete restoration of creation. This good news reveals that while we currently experience corruption’s effects, we await the glorious liberation when all things will be made new in Him.

D – Did You Know?

1. The word φθορά appears in ancient medical texts describing the process of food digestion.
2. Early church fathers used φθορά to explain why baptism was necessary for spiritual regeneration.
3. The concept influenced early Christian artistic depictions of resurrection scenes, contrasting corruption with incorruption.

Strong’s G5356: From G5351; decay, ruin, corruption, destruction, or perishing. Often denotes moral corruption and physical decay. In philosophical usage, refers to the natural process of deterioration. In NT theology, represents the bondage of creation and the corrupting power of sin, contrasted with the promise of redemption.

Part of speech: Feminine Noun

Tags: corruption, decay, destruction, mortality, sin, redemption, creation, bondage, freedom, resurrection, restoration, renewal​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​